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MCN Final Review 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Laboratory of Neonatal

A

Heel Stick Test

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2
Q

for hematocrit and hemoglobin determination

A

Heel Stick Test

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3
Q

for detection for hypoglycemia

A

glucometer

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4
Q

Heel Stick Test determine:

A
  1. Anemia
  2. Polycythemia
  3. Hypoglycemia
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5
Q

decrease in RBC

A

Anemia

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6
Q

Anemia maybe cause by

A

hypervolemia

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7
Q

hypervolemia result of abrupt

A

Placenta or placenta Previa

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8
Q

increase in RBC

A

polycythemia

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9
Q

polucythemiadue is excessive flow of blood into the infant from the
due to

A

umbilical cord

late clamping of umbilical cord

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10
Q

decrease in blood sugar

A

hypoglycemia

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11
Q

normal hematocrit for the first hour

A

50-55%

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12
Q

hypoglycemia is important to treat quickly

A

may cause brain damage

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13
Q

hypoglycemia can be treated by

A

breast feeding , IV glucose D5050

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14
Q

Sign and symptoms of Hypoglycemia

A

Lethargy - weakness

Seizures

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15
Q

Systemic Evaluation Physiologic Function of the Newborn

A
  1. Cardio System
  2. Respiratory System
  3. Gastrointestinal System
  4. Urinary System
  5. Immune System
  6. Neuro muscular System
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16
Q

Cardio Vascular System

A
  • Functional closure of the fetal accessory structure
  • Transition from fetal to post natal circulation
  • Cardio Vascular changes depends on 2 Factors
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17
Q

Functional closure of the fetal accessory structure

A

1 Year
1 Month
2 Months
2-3 Months

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18
Q 
Transition from fetal to post natal circulation
Fetal to Adult?
	Fetal Accessory Structure			
		1. Foramen Ovale					
		2. Ductus Arteriosus					
		3. Ductus Venosus
		4. Umbilical Vein / Umbilical Artery
A

Adult Structure

  1. Fosa Ovalis Right Atrium to Left Atrium
  2. Ligamentum Arteriosum Pulmonary to Aorta
  3. Ligamentum Venosum Umbilical vein to Liver
  4. Ligamentum Teres
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19
Q

Cardio Vascular changes depends on 2 Factors

A
  1. Lung Expansion

2. Cutting of the umbilical cord

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20
Q

closure of Ductus Arteriosus / Foramen Ovale

A

Lung Expansion

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21
Q

causes the closure of Ductus Venosus/ Umbilical Vein / Umbilical Artery

A

Cutting of the umbilical cord

  • promote decrease pressure of the right side of the heart which result to the closure of the Ductus Venosus/ Umbilical Vein / Umbilical Artery
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22
Q

body pink extremities blue

A

Acrocyanosis

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23
Q

Blood Volume of a newborn

A

300mL

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24
Q

Erythrocyte/ RBC of a newborn

A

6Million/cubic mL

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25
Q

Hemoglobin of a newborn

A

45-50%

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26
Q

WBC - 15,000

A

30, 000/mm3

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27
Q

*Normal Blood Sugar of an adult

A

70-220 mg/dL

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28
Q

Normal Blood sugar of newborn

A

45-60 mg/dL

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29
Q

increase WBC

decrease WBC

A

Leukocytosis

Leukopenia

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30
Q

for coagulation

A

Vitamin K

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31
Q

hours for normal flora to accumulate and for vitamin K to be synthesize

A

24 hours

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32
Q

route for Vit K

A

Vastus Lateralies IM

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33
Q

Respiratory System

* The first breath of the newborn is initiated by the combination of several factors

A
  1. Decrease blood oxygen level
  2. Increase in blood carbon dioxide level
  3. Decrease blood PH
  4. Temperature change
34
Q

Respiratory System

A
  • The first breath of the newborn is initiated by the combination of several factors
  • Respiratory system is not fully develop as adult
  • Obligatory Nose Breather
35
Q

GastroIntestinal System

A

Sterile at birth

36
Q

normal bacterias are not yet present in digestive tract

A

no intake of food

37
Q

bacteria maybe culture from the intestinal tract with in about

A

5-24 hours after

38
Q

5 Ways Introduce bacteria to the newborn

A
  1. breast milk
  2. airborne
  3. contact with the breast
  4. Mouth
  5. Hospital Bedding
  6. Vaginal Secretions at birth
39
Q

Importace of accumulation of bacteria in GI

A

necessary for the digestion and synthesis of Vit K

40
Q

Stomach Hold

41
Q

Type of stool

A
  1. Meconium
  2. Transitional
  3. Milk Stool or Usual Stool
42
Q

why breast milk is sweet smelly

A

cause it contains lactic acid-microorganism

43
Q

Immune System

*Largely depends on 3 immunoglobulins / antibodies

A 
1. Immunoglobulin g
		IgG
2. Immunoglobulin a
		IgA		 
3. Immunoglobulin m 
                IgM
44
Q
  • consider as the most abundant antibody/immunoglobulin,
  • can be found in all body fluids,
  • crosses the placenta and
  • it contains bacterial and viral antibodies
A

Immunoglobulin g

IgG

45
Q
  • contain in the colostrum and breast milk,
  • can’t cross the placenta,
  • prevents bacterial growth in the gastrointestinal tract
  • natural passive immunity
A

Immunoglobulin a

IgA

46
Q
  • found in blood and limp fluid

- first immunoglobulin to respond to infection * Immune system of the newborn largely depends on the 3 antibodies

A

Immunoglobulin m

IgM

47
Q

Presence of the different newborn reflexes is a must, if absence of newborn reflexes it indicates neurologic/central nervous system problem or conditions

A

Neuro Muscular System

48
Q

17 Reflexes

A
  1. Rooting Reflex
  2. Tonic Neck Reflex
  3. Palmar
  4. Moro Reflex
  5. Stepping Reflex
  6. Walking Reflex
  7. Galant or Trunk incurbation Reflex
  8. Magnet Reflex
  9. Landau Reflex
  10. Deep Tendone Reflex
  11. Babinski reflex
  12. Swallowing
  13. Extrusion or protrusion
  14. Sucking
  15. Blink Reflex
  16. Cross extension reflex
49
Q

3 Reflex that test spinal cord injury

A
  1. Moro Reflex
  2. Babinski Reflex
  3. Magnet Reflex
50
Q

3 Reflex to test feeding Reflex

A
  1. Rooting Reflex
  2. Sucking Reflex
  3. Swallowing Reflex
51
Q

reflex to serve to help the baby find food. cheek and mouth is being stroke next or close to the mouth and normally baby will turn her/his head that direction.
* disappears about the

A

Rooting Reflex

6 weeks or 1 1/2 month

52
Q
  • supine position and turn the head on one side, extremities will extend and flex: facing side - extend, back - flex
  • disappears about
A

Tonic Neck Reflex

6 months

53
Q

Tonic Neck Reflex is also called

A

or boxer or fencing reflex

54
Q
  • placing finger on the newborn’s palm - baby grasp
  • disappear
  • appears
  • supine position
  • grasp reflex
A

Palmar
5-6 months
at birth

55
Q
  • placing finger on the sole - baby grasp
  • disappear Reflex
  • appears
  • supine position
  • grasp reflex
A

*Plantar
*after 1st birthday usually 8-9 months in preparation to walking
at birth

56
Q
  • lost of balance
    • the most accurate method:
    • position the baby in supine, drop the baby’s head from sitting position with support, or creating a sound
  • not symetrical
  • disappears
A
  • Moro Reflex
  • fracture clavicle of the newborn
  • at the end of 4th-5th month when the infant can roll from danger
57
Q

Moro Reflex is also known as

A

startle reflex

58
Q
  • hold the baby in upright position, with the feet on the flat surface, the newborn will create a stepping movement
  • disappears
  • walk reflex
A
  • Stepping Reflex

* 3 months of age

59
Q
  • upright

* appears at birth , disappears 2-4 months

A

Walking Reflex

60
Q
  • when the newborn lying in prone position and touch along the vertebral area baby will flex their trunks and swing their pelvis towards the touch
  • disappears
A
  • Galant or Trunk incurbation Reflex

* 2-3 months

61
Q
  • if pressure is applied is applied to the soles of the feet of a newborn lying supine position, he she pushes back against the pressure.
  • Test of spinal cord integrity
  • disappears
A
  • Magnet Reflex
  • (Moro, Babinski and magnet reflex)
  • 3months
62
Q
  • prone position with a hand underneath supporting the trunk should demonstrate some muscle tone.
  • disappear
A
  • Landau Reflex

* 3months

63
Q
  • tap the patellar tendon with a hammer
  • biceps reflex is a test for
  • patellar for
A
  • Deep Tendone Reflex
  • spinal C4 and C6
  • spinal nerve L2 to L4
64
Q
  • when side of the sole of the foot is stoked in an inverted “J” curve from the heel upward.
  • dorsiflexion of big toe and faring of all toes as sole of the ..
A

*Babinski reflex

65
Q

food that reaches the posterior portion of the tongue is automatically swallow

A

Swallowing

66
Q

the newborn extrude any substance that is place on the anterior portion of the tongue

  • protection reflex from prevention of swallowing inedible substances
  • feeding reflex
A

Extrusion or protrusion

67
Q
  • when a newborn lips attached the baby makes a sucking motion
  • feeding reflex
68
Q

protect the eye from any object coming near it.

A

Blink Relfex

69
Q
  • one leg of a newborn lying supine is extended and the sole of that foot is irritated by being rub with a sharp object and that it caused the baby to raise the other leg and extend it as trying to push away the hand irritating the first leg.
  • disappears
A
  • Cross extension reflex

* 3months

70
Q

Different sense of the newborn

A
  1. Touch
  2. Hearing
  3. Vission
  4. Taste
  5. Smell
71
Q
  • most developed sense of the newborn
  • it is well develop at birth
  • they react to painful stimuli
72
Q
  • the baby can already hear sound inside the mothers womb
  • exhibit selective listening to his mothers voice, familiar the voice of the mother
  • hearing is acute only - not fully develop
73
Q
  • newborn demonstrate sight at birth by blinking at a strong light. or the demonstrate the sense of sight by following a bright light.
  • they focus on black and white objects at a distance of 9 to 12 in
  • they lose tract of objects easily
74
Q
  • have the ability to discriminate taste because taste buds develop and function before birth
  • newborn prefer sweet fluids to those that are sour or bitter
75
Q
  • Present as soon as the nose is cleat of mucus and amitotic fluid.
  • turns toward their mother’s breast party out of recognition of the smell of breast milk and partly as manifestation of the rooting reflex.
  • their ability to respond to odors can be used to document alertness.
  • prefer pleasant smells and that they have the ability to learn and remember odor.
76
Q

Urinary System

Urine per voiding

77
Q

Normally newborn should pass urine within

A

24 hours after birth

78
Q

no urine within 24 hours

*absence of the kidneys or ureters

A

urethral stenosis

79
Q

y one week, total daily volume of urine

80
Q

daily urine output for the first one or three days is

81
Q

urine color

A

light colored and odorless

*kidneys can’t concentrate urine well - not fully develop

MCN (5 decks)

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