McMillan Practice Questions Flashcards
1. Nifedipine decreases oxygen consumption in the heart primarily by decreasing: A. Afterload B. Cardiac output C. Preload D. Venous return E. Heart rate
A. Afterload
- The most serious drawback to the administration of nitroglycerin for chronic
stable angina by transdermal patch as compared to the sublingual route is:
A. Reflex tachycardia
B. A throbbing headache
C. Syncope due to orthostatic hypotension
D. Skin irritation
E. The development of tolerance
E. The development of tolerance
Chronic stable angina can be effectively treated with a combination of beta
blockers and organic nitrate compounds. Nitrates prevent the increase in end
diastolic volume that may occur with a beta blocker. Beta blockers counteract
another action of nitrates which is to:
A. Impair conduction through the AV node
B. Increase the tone of resistance vessels
C. Decrease cardiac output
D. Increase heart rate
E. Decrease blood pressure
D. Increase heart rate
- Organic nitrate compounds decrease cardiac preload by:
A. Releasing nitric oxide from endothelial cells
B. Stimulating the conversion of L-arginine to nitric oxide
C. Activating guanylyl cyclase in the smooth muscle of veins
D. Decreasing the tone of arteries
E. Decreasing cardiac output
C. Activating guanylyl cyclase in the smooth muscle of veins
5. Sildenafil can potentiate the action of nitroglycerin by: A. Prolonging cGMP action B. Blocking L-type calcium channels C. Releasing nitric oxide D. Prolonging cAMP action E. Stimulating cGMP production
A. Prolonging cGMP action
6. Which of the following antihypertensives lowers blood pressure by reducing sympathetic outflow from the brainstem? A. Clonidine B. Terazosin C. Minoxidil D. Nifedipine E. Hydralazine
A. Clonidine
- Which of the following antihypertensives lowers blood pressure initially by
decreasing blood volume and long-term by decreasing vascular resistance?
A. Hydralazine
B. Chlorthalidone
C. Captopril
D. Verapamil
E. Aliskiren
B. Chlorthalidone
A patient arrives at the emergency department suffering from a hypertensive crisis. Rapid reduction in the patient’s blood pressure was achieved after intravenous infusion of: A. Furosemide B. Nitroprusside C. Metoprolol D. Hydralazine E. Minoxidil
B. Nitroprusside
9. All of the following are side effects of sildenafil except: A. Priapism B. Visual disturbances C. Loss of hearing D. Headache and flushing E. Edema
E. Edema
10. All of the following are prodrugs except: A. Minoxidil B. Nitroglycerin C. Nitroprusside D. Methyldopa E. Clonidine
E. Clonidine
- Which of the following mechanisms explains the development of tolerance to the
beneficial actions of organic nitrates?
A. Decreased conversion of the prodrug to its active form
B. Downregulation of vascular endothelial muscarinic receptors
C. Induction of enzymes that metabolize nitrates in the liver
D. Activation of the baroreceptor reflex to increase heart rate
E. Release of renin and formation of the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II
A. Decreased conversion of the prodrug to its active form
12. Of the following drugs, which one has, as its primary effect, the ability to cause bronchodilation? A. Omalizumab B. Theophylline C. Fluticasone D. Montelukast E. Cromolyn
B. Theophylline
- Which of the following statements best describes an important difference
between salmeterol and albuterol?
A. Albuterol is long-acting whereas salmeterol is short-acting.
B. Albuterol is effective for termination of acute asthma attacks whereas
salmeterol is not.
C. Salmeterol is safe to take by itself whereas albuterol must be given with a
glucocorticoid.
D. Albuterol stimulates both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors whereas salmeterol
only stimulates beta-2 receptors.
E. Albuterol is only available for inhalation whereas salmeterol is available for
inhalation and as an oral formulation.
B. Albuterol is effective for termination of acute asthma attacks whereas
salmeterol is not.
