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Clinical Medicine 3 > Mcmicheal review questions > Flashcards

Mcmicheal review questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the diagnostic test of choice for heart failure? what do you see on CXR?

A

echo
kerley B lines

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2
Q

What finding do you see during the excercise stress test that gives you positive/abnormal results?

A

> 2mm ST depression and or hypotension

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3
Q

The formula is calculated by EDV-ESV?

A

sv

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4
Q

Name three modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis, name three non-modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis?

A

mod: HTN, dyslipidemia, DM, tobacco abuse, obesity, sedentary lifestyle
non-mod: age, male gender, strong family histor of CAD, genetic conditions that pre-dipose

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5
Q

what is the word for a pulse that alternates strong and weak can be a sign of percardial effusion?

A

pulsus alternans

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6
Q

Palpable left parasternal lift, loud S2, right sided S4 sound, holosystolic murmur?

A

cor pulmonale

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7
Q

What is the difference between a nuclear stress test and a stress echo?

A

nuclear stress is looking at the blood flow to the heart muscle
stress echo is looking at the wall motion of the heart

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8
Q

what is the difference between Type I and Type II ischemia?

A

Type I ischemia is caused by atherosclertoic plaque rupture snd thrombus formation, leading to acute coronary syndrome and type 2 ischemia is due to increased myocardial oxygen demand without sufficient oxygen supply

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9
Q

Which GDMT medication reduces the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization with reduced EF?

A

Entresto, ARNI

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10
Q

What is the gold standard to evaluate coronary artery anatomy? What two tools can give more specific measurement of degree of stenosis?

A

cardiac catheterization, IVUS and iFR

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11
Q

What is the word for edema that is caused by venous insufficiency and improves the elevation or compression hose?

A

dependant edema

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12
Q

mid systolic mumur that decreases with squatting, increases with standing, and increases with valsalva

A

HOCM

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13
Q

Cresendo-decresendo systolic ejection mumur heard best at the right upper sternal border with radiation to the carotid?

A

aortic stenosis

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14
Q

Provides information about the function of the right side of the heart and pulmonary circulation?

A

Pulmonary artery pressure

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15
Q

holosystolic murmur heard best at the apex, radiates to the axilla

A

mitral regurg

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16
Q

This abnormal sound occurs at the end of diastole and results form the atrial contraction against a non-compliant stiff ventricle

A

S4

17
Q

What are some devices that can be used to improve heart failure symptoms and mortality?

A

outpt: CRT, ICD
inpt: IABP, Impella, LVAD

18
Q

What medications are part of GDMT?

A

beta blocker, ACEI/ARB vs ARNI, MRA, SGLT2 inhibitor

19
Q

The ability of muscle fibers to shorten against a given load, approximated by ejection fraction?

A

contractility

20
Q

What would you treat Prinzmetal patients with?

A

CCB or Nitrates

21
Q

What is the word for dyspnea that occurs immediately on assuming a recombent positon? and how do we document it?

A

orthopnea, document on how many pillows with the patient sleeps with

22
Q

Measures the cardiac output relative to the a person body surface area

A

cardiac index

23
Q

Reflect the average pressure in a person’s arteries during one cardiac cycle?

A

Mean Arterial pressure

24
Q

Which measurement provides information about the filling pressure on the right side of the heart?

A

CVP

25
Q

Which test has the best prognostic value for the risk of CAD?

A

CT coronary calcium scan

26
Q

What is the diagnostic study of choice to look at the mitral valve?

A

TEE

27
Q

Which area of the heart is supplied by the LAD? LCX? RCA?

A

LAD: apical, anterolateral, septal
LCX: anterolateral, posterior
RCA: inferior, posterior, apical

28
Q

A patient arrives to the ED with chest pain and is found to have ST elevations on EKG. What is the first steps for treatment? Then what?

A

MONA, 90 ins to cath lab or 120 min to PCI available facility. Consider thrombolysis in meantime during transfer

29
Q

A patient presents with complaints of fatigue and SOB with strenuous activities but ok with mild activity and at rest. Which NYHA class is the patient?

A

NYHA Class II

30
Q

What is the word for an uncomfortable aware of difficult breathing?

A

dyspnea

Clinical Medicine 3 (27 decks)

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