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MCM exam 2 > MCM Exam 3 > Flashcards

MCM Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

MMR

A

corrects DNA mismatch created by DNA POL during replication directly after DNA sythesis MutL and MutS bind mismatch base direct excision of base DNA POL comes back and puts in correct base

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2
Q

Osteoblast

A

secretes ecm for bones/build up bone

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3
Q

Schwann cells

A

PNS produce myelin sheath

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4
Q

Ataxia Telangiectasia

A

Leukemia, lymphoma, gamma ray sensitivty, genome instability, ATM protein, a protein kinase activated by DS breaks

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5
Q

hypoplasia

A

failure to reach correct size too small organs

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6
Q

UV-B (280-320 nm)

A

Induces dimers between adjacent pyrimidines (C or T)

Sunburn

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7
Q

MSH2,3,6, MLH1, PMS2

A

linked to colon cancer, mismatch repair

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8
Q

Glutathione peroxidase

A

d

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9
Q

ALPS Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome

A

defective ras

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10
Q

Cardiac Myocytes

A

interculated discs round central nucleus/limited repair no adult stem cells

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11
Q

Homologous recombination

A

Exonuclease degrade 5’ end making 3’ overhang Rad51 pairs 3’ overhang with Sister chromatid DNA sythesis uses s chromatid as template holiday junction- dna ligase connects

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12
Q

46 BR Patient

A

Hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, genome instability, DNA Ligase I

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13
Q

Myocytes differentiated by

A

mesodermal MyoD tells to become myoblast satellite cells differentiate after injury

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14
Q

steatosis

A

triglyceride accumulation in cell

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15
Q

Tight juncitons

A

connect: actin fillaments of close cells
ass proteins: claudin & occludin
Function: forms barrier seals latteral domain

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16
Q

Catalase

A

d

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17
Q

DNA Damage Checkpoints

A

G1->S, Slows S, S->M (done by ATM proteins)

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18
Q

Keratinocyte signaling

A

Integrin-remain a basal keratinocyte (stem Cell)
Notch-produce transit amplifying cells
Hedgehog- produce sebaceous gland cells
Wnt-produce hair follicle cells

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19
Q

Death receptors extrinsic

A

TNF family fas ligand binds death receptor recruit FADD initiates caspase 8 or 10 activates executioner caspase

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20
Q

Replicative repair

A

10+ DNA POL’s take guesses/Don’t possess exonuclease activity

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21
Q

UV-A (320-400 nm)

A

Induces oxidative damage

Double strand breaks

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22
Q

Desmosome

A

connect intermediate filaments of adjacent cells, ass protein cadheren, function: Spot weld cell to cell through cytoskelaton

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23
Q

OCT4, SOX2

A

ensure the self-renwal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells/ used to reprogrom cells back to pluripotent state/also act as oncogenes

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24
Q

BER repair

A

base specific glycosylase–>AP endonuclease–>DNA POl–>DNA ligase

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25
Electromagnetic damage
x rays and gamma rays all kinds of damage
26
neurotransmitter release pathway
Ca2+ binds synaptotagman which alters function of v snare protein which cause it to bind presynaptic membrane and release... (also neuroligan on postsynaptic side binds neurexin on presynaptic to keep close
27
Hemi-desmosome
Intermediate filament to basal membrane Ass protein: integrin, funciton anchors epithelial cell cytoskelaton to basal lamina
28
elastic cartilage
hylan matrix plus elastin
29
ATM mechanism
ATM rec damage PP P53--> stimulates transcription of p21 whcih binds G1/S-CDK complexes and inhibits them/CHK1/CHK2 block activation of M-CDK also p53 creates cell cycle arrest when telomers shorten
30
XP Variant
UV Sensitivity, Skin cancer, translesion synthesis by DNA Pol
31
Senescent cells
cells no longer capable of division
32
Microglia
phagocytic cells proliferate in response to injury CNS
33
aplasia
d
34
Agenesis
falure to form embryonic cell mass
35
NER repair
repairs bulky lesions (pyrimidine dimers) Excision nuclease->DNA helcase-> DNA POL->DNA ligase
36
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) Groups A-G
Skin cancer, UV Sensitivity, neurological abnomalities, NER
37
Caspaces
cysteine in active site target aspartic acids
38
Enteric neuroglia
same as astrocytes but for PNS
39
Dynein
neg end periphery to cell body retrograde
40
metaplasia
abnormal differeciation of cell from one type to another
41
Fanconi anemia groups A-G
congenital abnormalities, leukemia, genome instability, DNA interstrand cross-link repair
42
Intrinsic apoptosis
Cytocrome C released form Mit Apaf-1 binds cyto C builds apoptosome recruits procaspase 9 through CARD
43
Werner Syndrome
premature aging, cancer at several sites, genome instability, accessory 3'-exonuclease and DNA helicase
44
hyperplasia
increase in number of cells not malignant but possibly pre cancer
45
intermembraneous ossification
Condensation of mesenchymal cells that | differentiate into chondroblasts de nova (from new)
46
Nonhomolgous End Joining
Ku80/70 rec free ds break ends recruit DNA-PK recruits DNA Ligase which joins ends/loss of nucleotides =bad
47
Particulate damage
decaying radioactive material all kinds of damage
48
chronic myelogenous leukemia
Philidephlia chromosome translocation between 9q and 22q
49
Adipocyte signaling
mesenchymal stem cells activated by PPAR gamma which dimerizes with RXR froms lipoblast which matures into lipobcyte
50
Hyaline Cartilage
chondrocytes in lacune, callagan GAGs proteoglycans and adhesive glycans, endochondrial ossification (precursor to bone)
51
Apoptosis difference from necrosis
no inflammation in apoptosis
52
Cancer resistant to apop
usually due to mutation in Bcl2 and p53
53
Kinesin direction
positive end (anterograde transport) cell body to the periphery
54
autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS)
defective Fas induced apoptosis accumulation of lymphocytes
55
UV-C (180-290 nm)
“Germicidal” | Found in sunlight but mostly filtered out by the ozone
56
Ependymal Cells
columnar cells create CSF
57
Blooms Syndrome
Cancer at several sites stunted growth, genome instability, accessory DNA helicase for replicaiton
58
Steatosis
fatty liver
59
Oligodendrocytes
CNS insulate produce and maintain myelin sheath
60
Chondrocytes
Chondroblasts express SOX-9 which secretes collagen based matrix mature once completely surrounded, limited abilty to repair due to AVASCULAR NATURE
61
Bcl2 family
proapoptotic controls release of cytochrome c from mit/ Bak bound to mit mem/Bax translocate to mit from cytosol when activated
62
osteoclasts
break down and reabsorb bone
63
endochondrial ossification
bone formed from cartilage precursor
64
SOD
d
65
Bcl2 protein
inhibit pro-apoptotic like Bak and Bax
66
MCUD (Maple syrup urine disease)
DE Branched chain alpha ketoacid DH/non-ketotic hyperglycemia build up of valine isovaline and leucine/thiamine increases enzyme activity
67
atrophy
decrease in cell size and number
68
fribrocartilage
hylan matrix plus dense connective tissue, resit deformation
69
dysgenesis
structure failure
70
Keratinocytes cell differentiation
Basal(adult stem)->Prickle (desmesomes)->granular(water proof fill with keratin)- Squames (terminal filled with keratin)
71
Hif1
activated in respons to hypoxia creates new rbc
72
satellite cells
PNS insulate but dont produce myelin
73
p16
cell cycle inhibitor
74
Astrocytes
CNS nerology, associate with node of ranvier, reg K+ concentration
75
hypertrohpy
increase in cell size due to increase in protein syth
76
Focal Adhesion
connect: actin fillament to basement membrane Protein: integrins, function same as hemi desm
77
involution
d
78
Transcription coupled repair (TCR)
RNA POL II stalls at lesions on template strand CSB recognizes stalled POL II recruits TFIIH which remodels RNA POL II XPG cuts DNA
79
Smooth Muscle
multiple directions of fibers, repair hypertrophy and hyperplasia, Myoepithelial cells part of glands
80
BRCA 2
Breast, ovarian, prostate, repair by homologous recombination
81
PKU
DE phenyaline hydroxylase/ fair skin blue eyes/mental retardation test with Guthrie card bloodtest
82
Wnt secretion and funciton
secreted by fibroblasts under Gi crypts
83
lesch nyhan
DE HGPRT purine salvage
84
Adherens Junction
connect: Actin filaments of adjacent cells Proteins: cadherens Function: strengthens tight junctions
85
Ration of reduced to oxidizes GSH
GSH/GSSG red/ox smaller number in neurogentive disease

MCM exam 2 (5 decks)

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