MCDA

Question 1

Preference relationships

Answer 1

Strict preference order
Indifference order
Weak preference order

Question 2

Alternative

Answer 2

also known as attribute

product, policy etc.

Question 3

Additive Value Function (description)

Answer 3

most commonly used
5 criteria that must be satisfied
preferential indépendance, corresponding trade off, interval scale, casing constants, linear/complete compensation

Question 4

Multiplicatively Value Function

Answer 4

multiplication

take logarithms turns into additive

Question 5

Satisfying levels

Answer 5

Simon 1976
Set a satisfactory level of performance for the most important attribute
Eliminate alternatives
Repeat steps for next most important alternative
Can model on an graph with criteria on each axis
Satisfice because unable to maximise
Useful at preliminary stages and routine decisions
Based on bounded rationality
is NOT a prescriptive model

Question 6

Satisfying levels too strict?

Answer 6

Only one alternative remains but still significant attributes not taken into account
Need to be less demanding

Question 7

Scoring

Answer 7

Assessing values

Question 8

Local Scale

Answer 8

Best alternative in a decision matrix is 1 and worst is 0

Question 9

Global Scale

Answer 9

End points defined by the tideland worst performance which could realistically occur

Question 10

Methods of assigning weights

Answer 10

AHP

Direct

Question 11

Weights

Answer 11

Must sum to 1

Can only be between 0 and 1

Question 12

Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) (Description)

Answer 12

Matrix with attributes down either side
Comparing two attributes against each other
Aij = K, then Aji = 1/K and Aii = 1

Question 13

Initial Screening Methods

Answer 13

Dominance
Satisficing
Disjunctive

Question 14

Dominance (initial screening)

Answer 14

Delete any dominate alternatives from further considerations

If there is obviously one which is far behind the others in all areas

Question 15

Satisficing (initial screening)

Answer 15

Simons 1976 model

Question 16

Disjunctive (initial screening)

Answer 16

set a threshold value for each criterion

Question 17

Lexigraphic approach

Answer 17

Rank attributes and compare alternatives used after satisficing and dominance

Question 18

Additive value function (method)

Answer 18

1 - Measure each alternative on its performance against another alternative
2 - subjective opinion (utility or value)
3 - apply a wight to each alternative to represent relative importance
4 - find the added value on each alternative (weight x v)

Question 19

Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) (method)

Answer 19

1 - matrix
2 - abnormal calculations
3 - weighted then given by average
4 - find AW
5 - consistency check