Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCB Exam 3 > MCB EXAM 3 > Flashcards

MCB EXAM 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Innate Immune System

A

The first line of defense (pre-invasion) is very general. It also has a second line of defense if the pathogens break through the initial barriers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the barriers of the innate immune system

A

skin, lacrimal apparatus, mucous membranes, resident mircobiota.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ciliated Cells

A

are in the respiratory tract, form an epithelial lining of coordinated
metachronal ciliary activity that provides the propelling force for the transport of mucus
along the airways.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Interferons

A

Proteins are part of natural defense. alert the immune system that there are cancer or germ cells in the body. they trigger the killer immune cells into action.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stages of Phagocytosis

A

1 chemotaxis
2 adhesion
3 ingestion
4 maturation
5 killing
6 elimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

PAMPs

A

Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns.

Molecules, or small molecular motifs, associated with groups of microbes that are recognized by cells of the innate immune system.

EX Flagellin, peptidoglycan, dsRNA, Lippoprotiens and lipids, LPS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Motif

A

a region (a subsequence) of protein. or DNA sequence that has a specific. structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

PRRs

A

Toll-Like Receptors - TLRs
Nod-Like Receptors - NLRs

These recognize PAMPs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Interferon Alpha and Beta

A

release warning signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Interferon-gamma

A

are released by white blood cells to fight the germs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Adaptive immunity

A

more specific to a pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

5 main attributes of Adaptive immunity

A

1 specificity - acts only on specific molecular shapes [anitgens] from individual pathogens

2 inducibility - only recognition from that specific antigen from a pathogen will initiate that response

3 clonality - once induced, multiple generations of cells with identical response capabilities will be generated.

4 unresponsiveness to self - response only to the pathogen and not to the host

5 memory - once the adaptive response has occurred the antigen is then committed to memory in case of future encounters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Screen the tissues of the body for foreign molecules.

ORGANS?
Lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen thymus, tonsils, intestines. (GALT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

GALT

A

Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lymph vessels

A

One-way system that conducts lymph from tissues and returns it to the circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lymph

A

Liquid like blood and plasma but it is leaked from blood vessels and poured into the surrounding tissue

Function: a conduit used for immune communication throughout the body. (as well as blood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Primary lymphoid organs

A

Bone Marrow and thymus. All lymphoid cells are formed and matured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hematopoietic Stem Cell

A

Blood Stem Cells, are cells that can turn into different types of specified cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

The process where blood stem cells turn into all types of blood cell types.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Blood Stem Cells that relate to phagocytosis

A

Neutrophil and monocyte (macrophage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lymphocyte

A

Lymphoid stem Cell, can turn into B-Cells or T-Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

B-Cells

A

Formed and matured in the bone marrow. They are involved in antigen-mediated functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

T-Cells

A

Formed and matured in the thymus. They are involved in cell-mediated functions.

24
Q

IgG antibody

A

Monomer, complement activation virus, and toxin inactivation opsonization.

is a major class of antibody in the blood stream. (80%)

25
Q

IgM antibody

A

Pentamer, complement activation initial adaptive response. x1000 better than IgG

largest out of all the antibodies contains 10 binding sites.

26
Q

IgA antibody

A

Dimer, Mucosal Immunity

found in the highest concentration of breast milk (90%). most abundant antibody in the intestines

27
Q

IgD antibody

A

monomer, mucosal homeostasis not well understood

28
Q

IgE antibody

A

Monomer, Inflammation controlling parasites

29
Q

Asymptomatic

A

infected individuals without having any symptoms themselves.

30
Q

typhoid Mary

A

woman had typhoid fever and had gotten sick but she never showed any symptoms so she would go out and make people food and spread it around

31
Q

Nonliving Resevoirs

A

nonliving things like soil and water that spreads pathogens and infections. presence of microorganisms, usually due to the contamination of feces and urine.

32
Q

examples of nonliving resevoirs

A

Soil: Staphylococcus infection

Water: Cryptosporidium parasite, can be through drinking or even swimming

food: E. coli, Listeria, Salmonella

33
Q

Zoonoses

A

Diseases that spread from animals

can be through direct contact, eating animals, or blood-sucking arthropods

difficult to get rid of

34
Q

Examples of portals of entry

A

nasal, subcutaneous injections, the wound on the skin, urine, insect bite, stool

major! Mucous membranes, skin, placenta

35
Q

Parenteral

A

injection, wound

36
Q

Mucous Membranes

A

major sites where the body interacts with the outside world

respiratory tract is the most common

37
Q

Pathogenicity

A

ability of a microorganism to cause disease

38
Q

Virulence

A

degree of pathogenicity.

virus need to be able to survive the host in order to be a effective virus, (BAD FOR US)

39
Q

Portals of Exit

A

skin, mucous secreted, or excreted fluids, elimination by the immune system

40
Q

3 types of transmission

A

contact - touching something infected

a vehicle born - food

vector born - insect bites

41
Q

endemic Disease

A

disease that frequently shows up in a population

42
Q

sporadic

A

where you do not see them that often

43
Q

epidemic

A

areas where there is an endemic disease, yet it outbreaks and becomes intense.

44
Q

pandemic

A

when the epidemic grows even larger and spreads to other countries and areas

45
Q

epidemiology

A

The study of the transmission of diseases within populations

46
Q

antigen

A

substance that interacts with a specific antibody

47
Q

immunogen

A

an antigen that elicits a immune response

48
Q

epitope

A

(antigenic determinant) is the part of an antigen recognized by an antibody-binding site. what connects to the antigen binding sites

49
Q

Long term memory

A

Generation of memory cells that
can circulate within the body
for many years

50
Q

Recognition of diverse epitopes

A

~ 1 X 1011 (100 Billion) different
molecular patterns can be
recognized by B-cells during
adaptive immunity

51
Q

Opsonization

A

immune process which uses opsonins to tag foreign pathogens for elimination by phagocytes.

52
Q

Phagosome

A

a vacuole in the cytoplasm of a cell containing a phagocytosed particle enclosed within a part of the cell membrane

53
Q

Lysosome

A

A lysosome isa membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. Lysosomes are involved with various cell processes. They break down excess or worn-out cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria

54
Q

Phagolysosome

A

a phagolysosome is a cytoplasmic body formed by the fusion of a phagosome with a lysosome in a process that occurs during phagocytosis

55
Q

Helper T Cells

A

Th, has TCR and CD4 components. Recognizes target and helps regulate
B cells and cytotoxic T cells and releases Interferon Gamma and Secrete Interleukin 2, 4, 5 (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5)

56
Q

Cytotoxic T Cells

A

Tc, has TCR CD8 and CD95L components. Secrete Perforin, granzyme and Directly kills target cells

57
Q

Regulatory T Cells

A

Tr, has TCR CD25 and CD4 components. Secrete Interleukin 10 (IL-10) and Represses adaptive
immune responses

MCB Exam 3 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions