MCAT test 1

Question 1

hypotonic

Answer 1

Having a lower osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid.
Fluid into the cell

Question 2

hypertonic

Answer 2

Having a higher osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid.
Fluid out of the cell

Question 3

isotonic

Answer 3

The state when two solutions have equal concentration of solutes across a semipermeable membrane.
both in and out of the cell

Question 4

Adding a solute to water makes what changes to boiling and melting point?

Answer 4

raises boiling point
lowers melting pont

Question 5

Common ions

Answer 5

Question 6

Types of decay

Answer 6

Question 7

What do boiling chips and vacuum contribute to distillation?

Answer 7

boiling chips help create bubbles, vacuum lowers boiling point

Question 8

relate PE and KE to velocity

Answer 8

PE=mgh KE=.5mv^2

Question 9

Molarity relating to density

Answer 9

D=mass/volume Molarity=moles/volume

Question 10

nanograms to micrograms

Answer 10

1 nano is .001 microgram

Question 11

Newtons 3rd law

Answer 11

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 12

diatomic nitrogen quality

Answer 12

it is an insert gas used to prevent unwanted reactions

Question 13

bond angles

Answer 13

Question 14

Calculate power using voltage and resistance

Answer 14

take the sum of 1/R
P=V^2/R

Question 15

Terpene derived hormones

Answer 15

aldosterone
estrogen
other steroid signaling molecules

Question 16

ATP synthesis

Answer 16

ATP synthesis occurs in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of cells through the use of energy from catabolic mechanisms like cellular respiration, beta-oxidation, and ketosis. The enzyme ATP synthase catalyzes the reaction, using the flow of protons across a membrane to create ATP.

Question 17

phosphorylation

Answer 17

usually inactivates

Question 18

dimerization

Answer 18

two peptides join together to make a polymer

Question 19

Keq

Answer 19

products over reactants

Question 20

find Keq using Ka of reverse reaction

Answer 20

1/Ka

Question 21

essential amino acids

Answer 21

histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine

Question 22

hybridization (DNA)

Answer 22

when two nucleic acid strands bind to form a double-stranded structure,

Question 23

amino acids prone to phosphorylation

Answer 23

serine, threoine, tyrosine

Question 24

parent inherited DNA

Answer 24

mitochondrial

Question 25

avioli in the lungs

Answer 25

gas exchange

Question 26

single versus double crossover events

Answer 26

Single-crossover events affect only the ends of chromosome arms, while double-crossover events can affect segments in the middle of chromosome arms.

Question 27

Meiosis

Answer 27

a type of cell division that produces gametes, or sex cells, in sexually reproducing organisms

Question 28

Mediating variable

Answer 28

explains the association between two other variables through a causal relationship

Question 29

Drive-reduction theory

Answer 29

Drive-reduction theories suggest that motivation arises from the desire to eliminate drives, which create uncomfortable internal states.

Question 30

Hans Eysenck

Answer 30

Hans Eysenck is noted for the first empirical study he published on genetics of personality in 1951

Question 31

B.F. Skinner

Answer 31

B.F. Skinner is more closely related to the behaviorist perspective of personality, where he studied the ability of operant conditioning to modify personality over time

Question 32

Attrition bias

Answer 32

Attrition bias occurs when participants drop out of a long-term experiment or study

Question 33

Eustress

Answer 33

Eustress is a positive type of stress that happens when you perceive a situation as challenging but motivating

Question 34

Neustress

Answer 34

Neustress happens when you are exposed to something stressful, but it doesn’t actively or directly affect you.

Question 35

Variable-interval

Answer 35

Variable-interval schedules are less resistant to extinction than variable-ratio schedules. Generally speaking, interval schedules are less effective than ratio schedules.

Question 36

Variable-ratio

Answer 36

Variable-ratio reinforcement schedules tend to produce the highest response rates that are the most resistant to extinction, which is exactly why casinos use them.

Question 37

Urbanization

Answer 37

Urbanization is the pattern of movement from rural areas to cities.

Question 38

Hawthorn effect

Answer 38

Urbanization is the pattern of movement from rural areas to cities.

Question 39

Folkways

Answer 39

Folkways describe relatively unimportant norms governing social interactions

Question 40

approach-apporach conflicts

Answer 40

In approach-approach conflicts, both options in one decision are both predominantly appealing. I.e., these situations involve weighing two sets of pros.

Question 41

double approach-avoidance conflict

Answer 41

A double approach-avoidance conflict consists of two options where each option has both appealing and negative features