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MCAT Psychology- MINE > MCAT Psychology > Flashcards

MCAT Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

If an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase is added to a neuromuscular junction, then the postsynaptic membrane will:

A

be depolarized longer with each action potential since ACH will remain in the synaptic cleft longer

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2
Q

temporal summation

A

PREsynaptic neuron fired action potentials so rapidly that the EPSPs or IPSPs pile up, can lead to postsynaptic action potential

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3
Q

spatial summation

A

EPSSPS and IPSPs from all synapses on the POSTSYNAPTIC membrane are summed up- can lead to action potential

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4
Q

spinal cord

A

simple reflexex: stretch and tendon, (primitive) walking, urination, sex organ function

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5
Q

medulla

A

involuntary functions: BP, heart rate, reflex reaction (coughing)

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6
Q

pons

A

relay station and balance

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7
Q

cerebellum

A

movement coordination: balance, posture, muscle tone

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8
Q

midbrain

A

eye movement , wakefulness

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9
Q

thalamus

A

integrating center and relay station

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10
Q

hypothalamus

A

homeostasis and behavior

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11
Q

basal nuclei

A

movement

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12
Q

limbic sys

A

emotion, memory, and learning

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13
Q

cerebral cortex

A

perception, skeletal muscle movement, thought, language, and consciousness

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14
Q

corpus callosum

A

connects left and right hemispheres

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15
Q

parallel processing

A

processing simultaneously

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16
Q

Alan Baddeley’s model

A

short-term memory is working memory with four components

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17
Q

Jean Piaget

A

cognitive dev in children: dev involved schemas (mental frameworks), assimilating and accommodating schemas

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18
Q

Piaget’s Theory

A

Sensorimotor(object permanence), Pre-operational Stage( 2-7 representation through symbols, pretend play, and language , Concrete Operational (7-11 thinking logically about concrete events and the idea of conservation- quantity remains the same), Formal Operational Stage ( 12-up abstract thinking and moral reasoning)

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19
Q

Sleep

A

Stage 1 sleep: theta waves, less responsive to stimuli
Stage 2 sleep: theta waves, sleep spindles and k-complexes, no eye movement, decreased heart rate, respiration, and temp
Stage 3 and 4- transitioning to slow wave sleep, delta waves, growth hormones secrets
Final REM sleep: bursts of quick eye movement, similar to beta waves in wake, very low skeletal movement , dreams

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20
Q

Depressants

A

alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates ( heroin and morphine)

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21
Q

Yerkes- Dodson Law

A

emotional arousal is a U shaped correlation and we perform best when moderately aroused

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22
Q

James-Lange Theory

A

1st we experience physiological response and then we experience emotion

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23
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory

A

after a stimulus, the physiological response and the experience of emotion occur simultaneously and independently of each other

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24
Q

Schachter-Singer Theory

A

once we experience physiological arousal we make conscious cognitive interpretation based on our circumstances, which allows us to identify the emotion that we are experiencing

25
Q

BF Skinner’s Behaviorist model of language acquisition

A

infants are trained in language by operant conditioning

26
Q

Noam Chomsky

A

we possess innate features that allow is to master language - universal grammar

27
Q

Broca’s areas

A

speech production

28
Q

Non associative learning

A

repeatedly exposed to a stimulus and includes habitation and sensitization

29
Q

associative learning

A

occurs when an organism learns that an event object or action is connected with another ex classical and operant conditioning

30
Q

classical conditioning

A

pairs neutral stimulus out an unconditioned stimulus to generate a conditioned stimulus and conditioned response

31
Q

conditioned stimulus

A

originally neutral stimulus (bell) the is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (food) until it can produce the conditioned response (salivation) without the unconditioned stimulus (food)

In classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is a previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response.

32
Q

conditioned response

A

same as unconditioned response, but now occurs w/o the unconditioned stimulus

33
Q

operant conditioning

A

uses reinforcement and punishment to mold behavior and eventually cause associative learning

34
Q

reinforcement

A

increases the likelihood that a preceding behavior will be repeated; pos reinforcement-occurs immediately folioing behavior, neg reinforcement- neg stimulus that is removed immediately following a behavior

35
Q

fixed-ratio

A

provides reinforcement after a set # of instances

36
Q

variable-ratiio

A

provides the reinforcement after an unpredictable number of occurrences

37
Q

fixed-interval

A

provides reinforcement after a set period of TIME

38
Q

variable-interval

A

provides reinforcement after inconsistent amount of TIME

39
Q

Punishment

A

decreases likelihood that behavior will be repeated ; pos punishment pairs a neg stimulus with behavior/ neg punishment removes reinforcing stimulus

40
Q

Bandura’s Bobo doll experiment

A

modeling/ observational learning is a social process

41
Q

elaboration likelihood model of persuasion

A

attitudes are formed by dual processes (central High motivation and peripheral, low)

42
Q

implicit memory

A

procedural

43
Q

explicit memory

A

declarative - semantic memory (memory for factual info, ex capital of England) and episodic ( autobiographical)

44
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

inability to encode new memories

45
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

inability to recall info that was previously encoded

46
Q

proactive interference

A

when info that was previously learned interferes with the ability to recall information learned later

47
Q

retroactive interference

A

when newly learned information interferes with the recall of information learned previously

48
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for procedural memories for skills?

A

basal ganglia

49
Q

parietal lobe

A

integrating sensory info- helps in determining spatial sense and navigation

50
Q

Freud

A

psychoanalytic theory -personality is a result an individual’s unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories

51
Q

id, ego, superego

A

id- pleasure, unconscious
ego-reality, logic, planning to control consciousness and id
superego- superego inhibits id and influences the ego to follow moralistic rather than realistic goals

52
Q

Carl Rogers

A

pioneered humanistic perspective - incongruence between behavior and self-concept causes psychopathy

53
Q

humanistic

A

person centered therapy - client therapist relationship

54
Q

Behaviorist perspective

A

personality determined by conditioning

55
Q

principle of aggregation

A

attitudes predict general overall behavior well, but do not always accurately predict specific behaviors

56
Q

Philip Zimbardo

A

discovered role-playing has a powerful influence on attitudes an behavior

57
Q

symbolic interactionism

A

purposes that the mind and self emerge through the social processes of communication and the use of cultural symbols

58
Q

multiculturalism/pluralism

A

endorses equal standing for all cultural traditions within a society

59
Q

impression management

A

self-presentation- conscious/unconscious process where ppl attempt to manage their own images by influencing the perception of others

MCAT Psychology- MINE (1 decks)

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