MCAT Hormones Flashcards
Hypothalamus Hormone
Peptides
Releasing and Inhibiting factors
Targets the anterior pituitary and modifies activity
growth hormone (peptide) is found where
anterior pituitary
what does the growth hormone do
increase bone and muscle growth and increases cell turnover rate
where is prolactin (peptide) found
anterior pituitary gland
what does prolactin do
target = mammary gland
effect =milk production
where is the tropic hormone thyroid stimulating hormone found
anterior pituitary
what does the thyroid stimulating hormone do
target = thyroid effect = synthesis and release of TH
where is the tropic hormone adrenocoricotropic hormone found
anterior pituitary
what does adrenocorticotropic hormone do
increase growth and secretory activity of the adrenal cortex
where is the gonadotropic hormone luteinizing hormone found
anterior pituitary
what does the luteinizing hormone do
target = ovary effect = ovulation
target = testes effect = testosterone synth
where is the gonadotropic hormone follicle stimulating hormone found
anterior pituitary gland
what does the follicle stimulating hormone do
target = ovary effect = follicle development
target = testes effect = spermatogenesis
where is the antidiuretic hormone found
posterior pituitary
what does the antidiuretic hormone do
target = kidney effect = water retention
where is oxytocin found
posterior pituitary
what does oxytocin do
target = breast effect = milk letdown
target = uterus effect = contraction
where is the thyroid hormone found (aka thyroxine)
thyroid
what does the thyroid hormone do
for a child necessary for physical and mental development
for an adult increase metabolic rate and temperature
where is the calcitonin hormone found
in the thyroid C cells
what does calcitonin do
target = bone and kidney effect = lowers serum [Ca2+]
where is the parathyroid hormone found
parathyroid
what does the parathyroid do
target = bone, kidney and small intestine effect = raises serum [Ca2+]
where is the thymosin hormone found
thymus
what does the thymosin hormone do
only in children
T-cell development
where is epinephrine found
adrenal medulla
what does epinephrine do
rapid sympathetic stress response
where is cortisol (aka glucocorticoid) found
adrenal cortex
what does cortisol do
longer term stress response
increases blood glucose concentrations
increases protein catabolism
decreases inflammation and immunity
etc.
where is aldosterone (aka mineralocorticoid) found
adrenal cortex
what does aldosterone do
target = kidnet effect = increase Sodium reabsorption to increase blood pressure
where are the sex steroids found
adrenal cortex
what do the sex steroids do
not normally important but an adrenal tumor can overproduce these causing masculinization or feminization
where is insulin found
endocrine pancreas (islets of langerhans)
what does insulin do
decrease blood glucose concentrations and increase glycogen and fat storage
what cells secrete insulin
beta cells
what cells secreate glucagon
alpha cells
where is glucagon found
endocrine pancreas (islets of langerhans)
what does glucagon do
increase blood glucose concentrations and decrease glycogen and fat storage
what cells secrete somatostatin
SS - S cells
where is somatostatin found
endocrine pancreas
what does somatostatin do
inhibits many digestive processes
where is testosterone found
testes
what does testosterone do
male characteristics
spermatogenis
where is estrogen found
ovaries and placenta
what does estrogen do
female characteristics
endometrial growth
where is progesterone found
ovaries and palceta
what does progesterone do
endometrial secretion
pregnancy
where is the atrial natriuretic factor found
heart
what does the atrial natriuretic factor do
target = kidney effect = increases urination to decrease blood pressure
where is erythropoietin found
kidney
what does erythropoietin do
target = bone marrow effect = RBC synthesis
