MCAT General Chemistry Review: Chapter 1 Flashcards
Orbitals
Electrons move rapidly and are localized within regions of space around the nucleus called orbitals
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
It is impossible to simultaneously determine, with perfect accuracy, the angular momentum and position of an electron
Four quantum numbers
n, l, m_l, m_s
-=subscript
Avogadro’s number
6.02 x 10^23
The atomic weight of carbon is 12.0 amu. The average carbon atom had a mass of 12.0 amu and 6.02 x 10^23 carbon atoms have a combined mass of 12.0 grams.
Quanta
Energy emitted as electromagnetic radiation from matter comes in discrete bundles.
Discrete bundles of energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation
Planck relation (energy of a quantum)
E=hf
Plancks constant
6.626 x 10^-34 J•s
f
Frequency
Kinetic energy formula
K=1/2mv^2
K=kinetic energy
M=mass
V=Velocity (m/s)
Speed of light formula
V=f¥ (lambda)
Speed of light (c)
3x10^8 m/s
Angular momentum formula
L=nh/2pi
n=principal quantum number
h=plancks constant
Energy of the electron
E=-RH/n2
E is directly proportional to n (hence the negative sign)
Rydberg unit of energy
2.18x10^-18 J/electron
As electron go from a lower energy level to a higher energy level, they ____
Absorb light, higher potential, excited, distant from nucleus
Electromagnetic energy of photons formula
E=hc/wavelength (lambda)
Energy transitions do not form a continuum but rather are quantized to certain frequencies. A _____________ (2) is where each line on the emission spectrum corresponds to a specific electron transition. Because each element can have its electrons excited to a different set of distinct energy levels each possess a unique ____________(3) which can be used as a fingerprint for the electron.
Line spectrum; atomic emission spectrum
E=hf=hc/wavelength(lambda)
Energy is _______proportional to wavelength
Inversely
E vs -E
Positive E= emission
Negative E= absorption
E=hc/wavelength = _______
-RH[1/ni^2 - 1/nf^2]
Also—-
-E= -RH[1/ni^2 - 1/nf^2] AND E= -RH[1/ni^2 - 1/nf^2]
(Emission vs absorption)
Delta E is the same for absorption and emission between any two energy levels according to the law of__________
Conservation of energy
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
It is impossible to simultaneously determine, with perfect accuracy, the angular momentum and the position of an electron.
Pauli exclusion principle
No two electrons in a given atom can possess the same set of four quantum numbers (n,l,ml,ms)
Spectroscopic notation
Shorthand representation of the principal and azimuthal quantum number (ex:1s,6p,3d, etc.etc.)
