Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCAT Equations > MCAT Equations > Flashcards

MCAT Equations Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Instantaneous Displacement (Assuming constant linear acceleration)

A

X = Xo + Vo + 1/2AT^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Instantaneous Velocity (Assuming constant linear acceleration)

A

V = Vo + AT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Instantaneous Velocity Squared (Assuming constant linear acceleration)

A

V^2 = Vo^2 + 2AX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Average Velocity (Assuming constant linear acceleration)

A

Vavg = 1/2(V + Vo)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Total Displacement (m)

A

Xtot = VavgT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Initial Vertical Velocity (Projectile Motion)

A

Vvert = Vsin(theta)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Initial Horizontal Velocity (Projectile Motion)

A

Vhor = Vcos(theta)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

True of False: Acceleration in the horizontal direction effects acceleration in the vertical direction?

A

FALSE they are independent of one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Peak Height of a Projectile (m)

A

Vosin(?) = root(2(gh)) or H=(Vsin(theta)^2)/2g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Force (N)

A

F = MA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gravitational force exerted by one object on another object

A

F = G(Mm/r^2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does the gravitational force change as an object doubles it’s distance from another object?

A

By a factor of 4 (2^2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Normal force against an object on an inclined plane

A

Fn = mgcos(theta)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Vector sum of the weight and normal force on an inclined plane

A

Ftot = mgsin(theta)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or False: Any object on an inclined plane will accelerate at a rate that is some fraction of Mg?

A

TRUE: mgsin(90) = 1 and mgsin(0) = 0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Angular Velocity (m/s)

A

w = V/r

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Frequency (Number of full rotations per second) (Angular Motion)

A

f = w/2pi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Centripetal Acceleration (m/s^2)

A

Ac = V^2/r

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Centripetal Force (N)

A

Fc = MV^2/r

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

True or False: Centripetal Force always faces toward the center of the circle?

A

True: Centrifugal force faces outward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Force of Static Friction (N)

A

Fs lessthanorequalto MUsFnormal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Force of Kinetic Friction (N)

A

Fk = MukFnormal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

True or False: The coefficient of static friction is usually greater than the coefficient of kinetic friction?

A

True = an object is easier to push when moving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Force on a compressible object like a spring (Hook’s Law) (N)

A

F = -k(delta)x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Torque (N*m)

A

T = FL (L is the lever arm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Kinetic Energy of an object

A

Ek = 1/2MV^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Gravitational potential Energy of an object

A

Ep = mgh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Elastic Potential Energy

A

Epe = 1/2k(delta)X^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the two possible types of energy transfer?

A

Work and Heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the definition of work?

A

The transfer of energy via force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the definition of heat?

A

The transfer of energy via normal flow from high to low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Work done by all forces other than friction

A

W = Fdcos(theta) (d is in the direction of displacement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Total Work (When there is neither heat nor friction)

A

W = (delta)U + (delta)K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Total Change in Energy (Measured in Joules N*m)

A

(delta)E = W + q (q equals heat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Power (Measured in Watts J/s)

A

P = (delta)E/t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Instantaneous Power due to force

A

P = Fvcos(theta)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Momentum (kg*m/s)

A

p = mv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Elastic Collision (Energy is conserved)

A

Einitial = Efinal (Scalar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Inelastic Collision (Momentum is conserved)

A

MinintialVinitial = MfinalVfinal (Vector)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

True or False: Reverse collisions approximate inelastic collisions?

A

TRUE: Initial momentum is equal to final momentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Impulse

A

J = (delta)p

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Impulse as a factor of Force

A

J = Favg(delta)t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Average force (N) from change in momentum

A

(delta)mv = Favg(delta)t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

True or False: Ideal machines change the amount of work?

A

FALSE: Ideal machines do not change work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Density

A

p = m/V (kg/m^3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the density of water?

A

1000kg/m^3 or 1g/cm^3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Specific Gravity

A

S.G. = p(substance)/p(water)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Pressure

A

P = F/A (N/m^2 or Pa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Pressure of fluid at a given depth

A

P = pgy (y is the depth below the surface)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Pressure of fluid at a given depth open to the air

A

P = pgy + 101,000Pa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Bouyant Force

A

Fb = p(fluid)Vg (where V is the volume displaced)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Bulk Flow of a Fluid

A

Q = Av

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Fluid Constant (K)

A

K = P + pgh + 1/2pv^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Maximum Velocity of Fluid

A

v = (root)2gh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Modulus of Elasticity

A

Modulus = Stress/Strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

True or False: Waves require a medium in which to move?

A

True: Think about the lack of sound in space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What happens if a wave in something of lighter density encounters something of greater density?

A

The reflected wave is inverted, this is not true of a wave from a higher density to a lower density.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Velocity of a wave

A

v = (frequency)(wavelength)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Period of a Wave

A

T = 1/(frequency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Decibels of Sound

A

B = 10log(I/Io) This increases by ten times the log of the difference IE if it is the log of 12 it is 120 decibles which is 1200 times louder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Beat frequency

A

Fbeat = abs(F1-F2)

62
Q

Length of a Harmonic (When both ends are nodes)

A

L = n(wavelength of N)/4

63
Q

Length of a Harmonic (When one end is antinode)

A

L = n(wavelength of N)/2 (This does not have any even numbers for harmonics)

64
Q

Doppler Effect

A

(delta)f/f = v/c where v is the difference between the two velocities

65
Q

Force (due to an electric charge)

A

F = kQq/r^2

66
Q

Force due to an electric field

A

F = KQ/r^2 (N/C or V/m)

67
Q

True or False: Lines of force run from positive to negative?

A

True (when it comes to magnetic poles they run from north to south)

68
Q

Force on a charge by an electric field

A

F = Eq (N)

69
Q

Potential Energy of a Charge in a field

A

U = Eqd (d is only in the direction of displacement) (Potential energy is measured in Joules)

70
Q

Voltage

A

V = Ed (voltage is independent of charge and is J/C)

71
Q

Current (i)

A

i = V/r (Current is measured in Amps or C/s)

72
Q

True or False: Current runs opposite the flow of electrons?

A

True

73
Q

Voltage due to current and resistance

A

V = iR

74
Q

Capacitance

A

C = Q/V (charge per unit of voltage)

75
Q

True or False: The thickness of plates in a capacitor will increase their ability to store charge?

A

False, the charge sits only on the face of the plates. Increased surface area would increase the ability to store charge.

76
Q

Energy Stored in a Capacitor

A

E = 1/2QV or E = 1/2CV^2

77
Q

Effective Resistance (in series)

A

R = R1 + R2 + R3…

78
Q

Effective Resistance in Parallel

A

1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2…

79
Q

Effective Capacitance (in series)

A

1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2…

80
Q

Effective Capacitance (in parallel)

A

C = C1 + C2…

81
Q

Electrical Power

A

P = iV or P = i^2R or P = V^2/R

82
Q

Maximum Voltage (Alternating Current)

A

Vmax = (root(2))Vrms (root mean square means the square root of the average of the squared values)

83
Q

Maximum Current (Alternating Current)

A

imax = (root(2))irms

84
Q

True or False: Electric poles can be found separately?

A

True, however magnetic poles have never been found separated

85
Q

True or False: Like electric fields, magnetic fields follow the inverse square law (x/r^2)

A

True, therefore both lose strength as a function of the square of the distance.

86
Q

Force of a magnetic field on a charge

A

F = qvBsin(theta)

87
Q

Curved path of a charge particle in a field

A

qbB = mv^2/r

88
Q

What is the speed of light in a vacuum

A

3 x 10^8 m/s

89
Q

Index of Refraction

A

N = C/V (c is the speed of light in a vacuum and V is the speed of light in the medium)

90
Q

True or False: The greater the index of refraction the slower light moves through a medium?

A

True, nothing is faster than the speed of light in a vacuum

91
Q

Angle of Reflection

A

Theta of Incidence = Theta of Reflection

92
Q

Angle of Refraction

A

N1sin(Theta1) = N2sin(Theta2)

93
Q

True or False: When light passes into a new medium the frequency remains the same but the wavelength changes?

A

True: the change in wavelength makes it shorter which slows the velocity of the wave in the new medium

94
Q

Energy of a Photon

A

E = hF where h is plancks constant (6.63 x 10^-34)

95
Q

True or False: A diverging lens acts like a convex mirror and a converging lens acts like a convex mirror?

A

True

96
Q

Focal Length

A

Lfocal = 1/2r (r is the radius of curvature)

97
Q

Lens Power

A

P = 1/f (where f is the focal length)

98
Q

Lens Magnification

A

m = hi/ho = -di/do

99
Q

Focal Length of a mirror or lens

A

1/f = 1/do + 1/di

100
Q

Lateral Magnification of a 2 lens system

A

M = m1m2

101
Q

Power of two lenses together

A

P = P1 + P2

102
Q

Moles of a substance

A

mol = grams/atomic weight

103
Q

True or False: A period is a horizontal row on the periodic table.

A

True, a family is a vertical column

104
Q

True or False: Greater bond length means less bond strength.

A

True, also remember that energy is always required to break a bond.

105
Q

Percent Yeild

A

% yield = actual/theoretical

106
Q

How do you find the principal quantum number

A

It is the number of the period, transition metals are period -1 and lanthanides and actinides are period -2

107
Q

How do you find the azimuthal quantum number?

A

The first shell number minus 1. 0 is s, 1 is p, 2 is d, and 3 is f

108
Q

How do I find the magnetic quantum number

A

it is every integer between positive azimuthal quantum number and negative azimuthal quantum number

109
Q

What is standard temperature and pressure?

A

0 degrees celsius and 1 atm

110
Q

How many Pa are in 1 atm?

A

101,300Pa

111
Q

Ideal Gas Law

A

PV = nRT (n is the number of mols of gas) (r is the ideal gas constant) (t is temperature)

112
Q

How much volume does 1 mol of ideal gas take up at 1 atm?

A

22.4 L

113
Q

Partial Pressure of a Gas

A

Pp = XaPtot where Xa is the mol fraction of the gas

114
Q

Average Kinetic Energy of a Gas Particle

A

K.E. = 3/2RT

115
Q

RMS Velocity of a particle

A

V1/V2 = root (m2/m1)

116
Q

Effusion rate of particles

A

Rate1/Rate2 = root(m2/m1)

117
Q

True or False: The volume of a real gas is greater than the volume of an ideal gas.

A

True, the pressure of a real gas is less than the pressure of an ideal gas. These are especially true at low temperature and high pressure.

118
Q

True or False: The rate of a reaction increases with temperature?

A

True, the average kinetic energy is greater and therefore the molecules collide with more energy

119
Q

Rate of reaction not equilibrium

A

Rate = K [A]^a[B]^b making sure to use concentrations to the proper exponents.

120
Q

True or False: For a second order reaction, each consecutive half life is twice as long as the previous.

A

True

121
Q

Equilibrium Constant

A

K = [Products]^exponents/[reactants]^exponents

122
Q

How do you use the reaction quotient to determine how a reaction will proceed?

A

If q is equal to K the reaction is at equilibrium, if q is greater than k there are more products and it will go in reverse, if q is less than k there are more reactants and the reaction will move forward

123
Q

PV work

A

w = P(delta)V, because constant pressure is being applied when a constant force acts over a constant areas

124
Q

Energy change of a system

A

deltaE = w + q

125
Q

True or False: Work done by the system has a negative convention, work done on the system has a positive convention

A

True, if work is done by the system then the change in energy is = q - w

126
Q

Rest mass energy

A

E = mc^2

127
Q

For a closed system at rest with no fields how can energy be written?

A

U = q + w, if volume is held constant then u = q

128
Q

Change in Enthalpy

A

deltaH = deltaU + PdeltaV (at constant pressure)

129
Q

Change in Enthalpy when volume is held constant

A

deltaH = q, because no work is done when both pressure and volume are constant

130
Q

deltaH or a reaction

A

deltaHproducts - deltaHreactants

131
Q

True or False: Catalysts lower the activation energy but have no effect on the enthalpy of reaction.

A

True, there is no change in the enthalpy of the initial and final states, enthalpy is a state function

132
Q

Gibbs Free Energy

A

deltaG = deltaH - TdeltaS

133
Q

Molarity

A

mol solute/volume of solution

134
Q

Molality

A

mol solute/kg of solution

135
Q

mol fraction

A

mol of solute/total mols of solute and solution

136
Q

mass percentage

A

mass of solute/total mass of solution x 100

137
Q

parts per million

A

mass of solute/total mass of solution x 10^6

138
Q

Vapor Pressure (with non-volatile solute)

A

Pv = XaPa (mole fraction of pure product by the vapor pressure of pure product)

139
Q

Vapor Pressure (with a volatile solute)

A

Pv = XaPa + XsPs

140
Q

Heat Capacity

A

q = CdeltaT

141
Q

Specific Heat Capacity

A

q = McdeltaT

142
Q

Specific Heat of Water

A

1 Cal/g*degreesC

143
Q

Boiling Point Elevation

A

deltaT = kbmi (m is molality and i is the vant hoff factor)

144
Q

Freezing point depression

A

deltaT = kfmi (kf is the constant specific to freezing)

145
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A

Pi = iMRT (M is the molarity of the solution)

146
Q

pH

A

pH = -log[H+]

147
Q

pOH

A

pOH = -log[OH-]

148
Q

pH from Ka of weak acid

A

Ka = X^2/[initial undissociated]

149
Q

pOH from Kb of weak acid

A

Kb = X^2/[Initial undissociated]

150
Q

Free Energy of a Cell

A

deltaG = -nFEmax (where N is the number of transferred electrons and E is the voltage)

151
Q

True or False: Positive Cell Potential indicates a spontaneous reaction.

A

True, this leads to a negative deltaG

MCAT Equations (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions