MCAT Biology 2: Systems

Question 1

Features of Hardy Weinberg equilibrium [5] [hint- ME, LP, RM, IE, NS]:

Answer 1

1. Mutational equilibrium
2. Large population
3. Random mating
4. Immigration/emigration must not change gene pool
5. No selection for fittest organism

Question 2

Enzyme used by RNA viruses to replicate:

Answer 2

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Question 3

Viral RNA strand codes for proteins:

Answer 3

+RNA

Question 4

Viral RNA strand transcribed and then translated:

Answer 4

-RNA

Question 5

Bacteria type stains purple:

Answer 5

Gram-positive bacteria

Question 6

Bacteria type stains pink:

Answer 6

Gram-negative bacteria

Question 7

Bacteria type has a smaller amount of peptidoglycan:

Answer 7

Gram-negative bacteria

Question 8

Method of genetic recombination involves the transfer of a plasmid:

Answer 8

Conjugation

Question 9

Method of genetic recombination involves the incorporation of DNA from the external environment:

Answer 9

Transformation

Question 10

Method of genetic recombination involves the transfer of genetic material by a virus:

Answer 10

Transduction

Question 11

Term for pieces of DNA that are capable of jumping from one place to another along the genome:

Answer 11

Transposons

Question 12

RNA leaves the nucleus through:

Answer 12

Nuclear pores

Question 13

Term for sequence of AAs on protein that direct molecules all around the cell:

Answer 13

Signal sequence

Question 14

Place of protein modification in a cell:

Answer 14

Golgi

Question 15

Side of rough ER that ribosomes attach:

Answer 15

Cytosolic side

Question 16

Type of cell vesicle that contains hydrolytic enzymes that digest macromolecules by hydrolysis:

Answer 16

Lysozyme

Question 17

Mature lysozymes are originally released from the:

Answer 17

Golgi

Question 18

Part of cell responsible for lipid metabolism, lipid storage, and detoxification:

Answer 18

Smooth ER

Question 19

Prokaryotic flagella subunits:

Answer 19

Flagellin

Question 20

Eukaryotic flagella subunits:

Answer 20

Tubulin

Question 21

Tubulin contribute to this type of arrangement in flagella:

Answer 21

9+2 arrangement

Question 22

Part of the cytoskeleton made from tubulin:

Answer 22

Microtubules

Question 23

Type of transport where any molecule involved is moving against its gradient:

Answer 23

Active transport

Question 24

Type of transport where nonpolar/small molecule passes through membrane down concentration gradient:

Answer 24

Passive diffusion

Question 25

Type of transport where polar or large molecule passes through membrane down concentration gradient:

Answer 25

Facilitated diffusion

Question 26

Deactivation of this leads to cancer:

Answer 26

Tumor repressor

Question 27

Another name for a tumor repressor:

Answer 27

Checkpoint protein

Question 28

Activation of this leads to cancer:

Answer 28

Oncogene

Question 29

The thin sheet of matrix material that separates epithelial cells from support tissue:

Answer 29

Basal lamina

Question 30

Type of intercellular junction forms a watertight seal from cell to cell:

Answer 30

Tight junction

Question 31

Type of intercellular junction joins two cells at a single point:

Answer 31

Desmosomes

Question 32

Type of intercellular junction connect cells through small tunnels:

Answer 32

Gap junctions

Question 33

Basic types of tissue in animals [4]:

Answer 33

1. Epithelial tissue
2. Muscle tissue
3. Connective tissue
4. Nervous tissue

Question 34

Tissue types work together to form:

Answer 34

Organs

Question 35

Organs that work together to perform a common function are called:

Answer 35

Systems

Question 36

Systems work together to create:

Answer 36

Organisms