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adolescent development > MCAT > Flashcards

MCAT Flashcards

1
Q

Average Speed

A

∆x/∆t
m/s

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2
Q

Average Velocity

A

∆d/∆t
m/s

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3
Q

Acceleration

A

∆v/∆t
m/s^2

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4
Q

Newton’s second law

A

F=ma
1 N=1 kg*m/s^2

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5
Q

Static Friction

A

F(f)=μ(s)F(n)
1 N=1 kg*m/s^2

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6
Q

Kinetic Friction

A

F(f)=μ(k)F(n)
1 N=1 kg*m/s^2

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7
Q

Force of Gravity acting perpendicular to an inclined plane

A

mgcosθ
1 N= 1kg*m/s^2

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8
Q

Force of gravity acting parallel to an inclined plane

A

mgsinθ
1 N= 1kg*m/s^2

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9
Q

Torque

A

τ = rFsinθ
N * m

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10
Q

Work

A

W = Fdcosθ
1 Joule= N*m

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11
Q

Work (pressure-volume curve)

A

W = P∆V
Joules

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12
Q

Center Of Mass

A

x = (m1x1 + m2x2 + m3x3)/(m1 + m!2+ m3)

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13
Q

Mechanical Advantage

A

MA=F(out)/F(in)
Newtons

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14
Q

Power

A

P=W/t or ∆E/t
1 watt (W)= Joule/s

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15
Q

Power

A

P=Fv
1 Watt

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16
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

KE=1/2mv^2
Joule= kg(m^2)/(s^2)

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17
Q

Work-Kinetic Energy Theorem

A

W=∆KE = K(f) − K(i)
Joule= kg*(m^2)/(s^2)

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18
Q

Gravitational Potential Energy

A

U=mgh
Joule

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19
Q

Elastic Potential Energy

A

Elastic potential energy is directly proportional to the square of the change in length and the spring constant
U=1/2*k(x^2)
Joule

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20
Q

Hooke’s Law

A

The magnitude of the force required to change the length of a spring-like object is directly proportional to the spring constant and the displacement of the spring
F=-kx
Newton

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21
Q

Frequency of a wave

A

f=1/T
1/s=Hz

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22
Q

speed of wave

A

v=fλ m/s

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23
Q

Density

A

ρ = m/V
g/(cm^3)

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24
Q

Specific gravity

A

ρ(object)/ρ(water)
g/(cm^3)

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25
Q

Buoyant Force

A

F(b)=mg=ρ(fluid)Vg
Newton

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26
Q

Pascal’s Law

A

F1/A1=F2/A2

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27
Q

Pascal’s Law

A

P=F/A
Pascal (Pa)=N/(m^2)

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28
Q

Hydrostatic Pressure

A

P=P(o)+ρgh
Pascals

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29
Q

Poiseuille’s Law

A

The law that the velocity of a liquid flowing through a capillary is directly proportional to the pressure of the liquid and the fourth power of the radius of the capillary and is inversely proportional to the viscosity of the liquid and the length of the capillary.
Q=(π(r^4)∆P)/(8ηL)
flow rate

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30
Q

Continuity Equation

A

A1v1=A2v2

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31
Q

Bernoulli’s Equation

A

P(1)+(1/2)ρ(v(1)^2)+ρgh(1)=P(2)+(1/2)ρ(v(2)^2)+ρgh(2) or
P(1)+(1/2)ρ(v(1)^2)+ρgh(1)=a constant

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32
Q

Absolute Temperature

A

K=Degrees Celsius +273

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33
Q

Pressure

A

P=F/A

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34
Q

Ideal Gas Law

A

PV=nRT

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35
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

P(1)V(1)=P(2)V(2)

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36
Q

Charles Law

A

V1/T1=V2/T2

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37
Q

Avogadro’s Law

A

n1/V1=n2/V2

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38
Q

Avg Kinetic energy of a gas particle

A

KE(avg)=(3/2)k(b)T
Joules

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39
Q

Heat capacity at constant volume for an ideal monoatomic gas

A

C(v)=(3/2)nR
J/K

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40
Q

Heat Capacity at constant pressure for an ideal monoatomic gas

A

C(p)=(5/2)nR
J/K

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41
Q

Van Der Waals Equation of State

A

P=(nRT)/(V-nb)-(n^2*a)/(V^2)

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42
Q

Dalton’s Law of Partial pressures

A

P(A)=X(A)*P(T)
P=P1+P2+P3…

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43
Q

Heat transferred

A

q=mc∆T
1 cal/(g*K)=4.184 J/(gK)

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44
Q

Standard Heat of Reation

A

Sum of change in Heat of products minus Sum of change in heat of reactants
OR
Sum of change in heat of bonds broken minus sum of change in heat of bonds formed

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45
Q

Change in Gibbs Free Energy

A

∆G = ∆H − T∆S
kJ/mol

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46
Q

Linear Expansion (solids)

A

∆L = αL∆T

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47
Q

Volumetric Expansion (solids and liquids)

A

∆V = βV∆T

48
Q

Sound Level

A

β = 10log(I/I(o))
dB

49
Q

Sound Level Change

A

β(f) = B(i)+10log(I(f)/I(i))
dB

50
Q

Intensity

A

I=P/A
W/(m^2)

51
Q

Waves in open pipes

A

λ = 2L/n
f=v/λ=nv/2L

52
Q

Waves in Closed Pipes

A

λ = 4L/n
f=v/λ=nv/4L

53
Q

Speed of light

A

c=fλ
c=m/s

54
Q

Energy of a photon

A

E=hf

55
Q

Law of Reflection

A

θ1=θ2

56
Q

Index of Refraction

A

n=c/v

57
Q

Snell’s Law

A

n1sinθ1=n2sinθ2
when referring to light or other waves passing through a boundary between two different isotropic media, such as water, glass,

58
Q

Critical Angle

A

θ(c)=sin^-1*(n2/n1)

59
Q

Optics equation

A

1/f=1/o+1/i+2/r

60
Q

Magnification

A

h(i)/h(o) or -d(i)/d(o)

61
Q

Lens Power

A

P=1/f
diopters

62
Q

Focal Length of lenses in a series

A

1/f=1/f1+1/f2+1/f3…

63
Q

Power of lenses in a series

A

P=P1+P2+P3…
diopters

64
Q

Magnification for a system of lenses

A

m=m1m2m3…

65
Q

Coulomb’s law

A

F(e)=(kq1*q2)/(r^2)
Newtons

66
Q

Electric Field

A

E=F(e)/q=(kQ^2)/(r^2)
E=N/C or V/m

67
Q

Electric Potential Energy

A

U=(kq1q2)/r
Joules

68
Q

Electrical Potential

A

V=U/q=(kQ)/r
1 V=1J/C

69
Q

PotientialDiff of uniform electric field

A

V=Ed
W=Vq

70
Q

Voltage (potential difference)

A

∆V = Vf − Vi=W(if)/q
Volts

71
Q

Power

A

P=VI
Watts

72
Q

Power

A

V^2/R
Watts

73
Q

Power

A

P=I^2*R
Watts

74
Q

ElectricalCurrent

A

I=Q/t
1 Amp=1C/s

75
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

V=IR

76
Q

Resistors in series

A

R=R1+R2+R3…
Ohms(Ω)

77
Q

Resistors in Parallel

A

(1/R)=(1/R1)+(1/R2)+(1/R3)…
Ohms(Ω)

78
Q

Resistivity

A

ρ=(RA)/L
Ohm-meter (Ωm)

79
Q

Energy of Charged Capacitor

A

U=Q^2/C=(1/2)Q∆V=(1/2)C(∆V^2)

80
Q

Capacitors in Series

A

1/C=(1/C1)+(1/C2)+(1/C3)…
F=farad

81
Q

Capacitors in Parallel

A

C=C1+C2+C3…
F=farad

82
Q

Magnetic Force

A

F(B)=qvBsinθ
1 T=1(Ns)/(mC)

83
Q

Lorentz Force

A

F=qE+vBsinθ

84
Q

Maximum number of Electrons in a shell

A

2n^2

85
Q

Kinetic energy of a photoelectron

A

hf− φ
eV

86
Q

Formal Charge

A

FC=Valence (e-)-Non bonding (e-)-(1/2)Bonding (e-)

87
Q

Dipole moment

A

p=qd
p=Cm

88
Q

Specific Rotation

A

α = (α(obs))/(c*l)
Degrees

89
Q

Electrodeposition Equation

A

mol M=(It)/(nF)

90
Q

Cell potential

A

cell potential= redox potential - oxidation potential

91
Q

Rate law

A

Rate=k[A]^x[B]^y

92
Q

Arrhenius Equation

A

k=Ae^(-E(a))/RT)

93
Q

Law of mass action

A

k=([C]^c[D]^d)/[A]^a[B]^b

94
Q

Wavenumber

A

1/λ
cm^-1

95
Q

Autoionization of water

A

Kw=[H3O+]*[OH-]=10^-14

96
Q

pH

A

-log[H+]

97
Q

pOH

A

-log[OH-]

98
Q

Acid Dissociation Constant

A

Ka=([H3O+]*[A-])/[HA]

99
Q

Base Dissociation Constant

A

Kb=([B+]*[OH-])/[BOH]

100
Q

pKa

A

-logKa

101
Q

pKb

A

-logKb

102
Q

Henderson Hassel Balch Equation

A

pH=pKa+log([conj. base]/[acid])

103
Q

Point of Inflection

A

pH=pKa or 14-pKb

104
Q

Solubility Product Constant

A

for AmBn;
K(sp)=[A^n+]^m[B^m-]^n

105
Q

Retardation factor

A

R(f)= distance spot moved/distance solvent front moved

106
Q

Henry’s Law

A

[A]=K(H)*P(A)

107
Q

Electrophoresis (migration velocity of a molec)

A

V=Ez/f

108
Q

Hardy Weinberg Equation

A

p+q=1 or
p^2+2pq+q^2=1

109
Q

Michaelis-Menten

A

v=(v(max)[S])/(K(m)+[S])

110
Q

Nernst Equation

A

E(cell)=E(cell)-(RT/nF)ln(Q)

111
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A

Π = iMRT
Osmotic pressure is defined as the minimum pressure applied to a solution to stop the flow of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane.

112
Q

Acceleration of gravity on earth

A

9.81m/s^2

113
Q

Density of water

A

1 g/mL

114
Q

Coulombs constant

A

k=8.9910^9 Nm^2/C^2

115
Q

Charge of an electron vs proton

A

e-= -1.610^-19 C
proton=+1.610^-19 C

116
Q

Speed of sound

A

343 m/s

117
Q

Speed of light

A

3*10^8 m/s

adolescent development (2 decks)

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