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MCAS Review > mcas_vocabulary_review_20140509184115 > Flashcards

mcas_vocabulary_review_20140509184115 Flashcards

1
Q

23 Chromosome Pairs

A

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes in each cell.

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2
Q

46 Chromosomes

A

The number of chromosomes in a typical human cell.

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3
Q

Ammonia

A

A compound; NH3

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4
Q

Animal Kingdom

A

Organisms are multi-cellular; have tissues (specialized cells); nucleus in each cell; heterotrophic

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5
Q

Atom

A

The smallest part of an element that is still the element; made of protons, neutrons, electrons

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6
Q

Beaker

A

A glassware used for holding liquids, not for accurate measurements.

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7
Q

Boiling Point

A

The temperature at which a substance will go from a liquid to a gas; the amount of the substance present does not change the boiling point.

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8
Q

Carbon Dioxide

A

Made by cell respiration; used by photosynthesis; greenhouse gas; a compound, CO2

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9
Q

Cell Membrane

A

The border between cell and outside environment; controls what enters and leaves all cells; inside the cell wall if cell wall is present.

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10
Q

Cell Wall

A

The outer layer of plant cell; provides protection and support.

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11
Q

Cell

A

The smallest building block of life; all organisms are composed of cells.

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12
Q

Chemical Change

A

A new substance is made because chemical bonds are made or broken.

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13
Q

Chloroplast

A

Green; found in plants cells; turns sunlight, water, carbon dioxide into sugar (glucose), and oxygen (photosynthesis).

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14
Q

Chromosome

A

A long piece of DNA containing many genes; humans have 48 in a typical cell

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15
Q

Cilia

A

Short hair-like projections on a cell used for movement; paramecium have cilia

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16
Q

Circulatory System

A

The heart, blood, blood vessels; carries oxygen and resources to the body

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17
Q

Closed System

A

This system traps matter from within; mass stays the same in a closed system due to the Law of Conservation of Mass.

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18
Q

Common Ancestor

A

Species that other organisms have evolved from; species trace their lineage back to a common ancestor.

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19
Q

Compound

A

Pure substance where all of the molecules are the same, made up of more than one types of element chemically bonded together.

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20
Q

Conduction

A

Heat transfer through materials coming into direct contact with each other.

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21
Q

Constant speed

A

When something does not change how far it goes every second; straight diagonal line on a graph

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22
Q

Contour lines

A

Markings on a map that show elevation

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23
Q

Convection Currents

A

In liquid, gas, or amorphous solid; heated material becomes less dense and rises; cooled material becomes less dense and sinks; creates winds and plate tectonics.

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24
Q

Crust

A

The thinnest layer of Earth; made of solid rock.

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25
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The cell filling; other organelles found here.

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26
Q

Decomposers

A

Break down materials in food chain; e.i. bacteria, fungi

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27
Q

Density

A

Mass / volume; measures how much mass fits into a given space.

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28
Q

Digestive system

A

Breaks down food into smaller pieces; absorbs nutrients.

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29
Q

Dominant allele

A

Version of a gene that codes for a trait that will show up if allele is present.

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30
Q

E. coil

A

Example of bacteria (unicellular, no nuclei)

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31
Q

Earth’s Axis

A

An imaginary line around which Earth spins; results in direct and indirect sunlight on the Earth, determines seasons

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32
Q

Earthquake

A

Shacking of the crust case by Earth’s tectonics plates shifting quickly.

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33
Q

Ecosystem

A

A web of relations between consumers, producers, and decomposers.

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34
Q

Elastic Potential Energy

A

Stored energy in an object that stretches or bends; E.i. bow, spring, rubber band

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35
Q

Element

A

A pure substances where all the atoms are the same

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36
Q

Erosion and Weathering

A

Rocks break down due to wind, rain, glaciers; create sediments.

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37
Q

Evolution

A

Species change slowly over time, from generation to generation through natural selection.

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38
Q

Flagella

A

Long hair-like structures on a cell used for movement; Ex. euglena, sperm cells

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39
Q

Fungi Kingdom

A

Organism are unicellular or multicellular; have cell walls; have nuclei; are decomposers.

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40
Q

Galaxy

A

A collection of stars and solar systems held together by gravity; many of these in the universe

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41
Q

Gas

A

State of matter where particles move freely and can spread out; volume and shape can change.

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42
Q

Gene

A

A section of DNA on a chromosome that instructs the cell to make a protein

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43
Q

Glacial Erratic

A

Round boulder moved by a glacier and left behind.

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44
Q

Glacial Moraine

A

Rock and gravel left behind by glacier. E.i. Cape Code

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45
Q

Glossopteris

A

Fossil plant; found in many continents proving continental drift to Alfred Wegener

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46
Q

Glucose

A

Sugar; made by photosynthesis; a compound

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47
Q

Graduated Cylinder

A

A thin tube used for accurately measuring the volume of liquids; measures to top of meniscus

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48
Q

Gravitational Potential Energy

A

Stored energy in an object based on its mass, height, and the gravitational pull acting on it

49
Q

Gravity

A

The attraction of all matter to other matter; pulls towards the center of the Earth; larger object’s mass, the more gravity it has.

50
Q

Heat

A

A form of energy; temperature changes occur because heat is taken away or added.

51
Q

Homologous structures

A

similar bone or body structures that show similar decent from a common ancestor.

52
Q

Hydrogen

A

lightest element; 2 of them in H2O; smallest amount you can have is an atom

53
Q

Igneous Rock

A

Rock that formed from cooling lava or magma.

54
Q

Inner Core

A

Innermost layer of the Earth; made of metals; solid; most dense.

55
Q

Kettle Ponds

A

sandy, round ponds created by glaciers pressing into sand

56
Q

Kinetic energy

A

The energy of an object in motion; fast speed or high mass give an object a large kinetic energy.

57
Q

Kingdom Monera

A

Large group of organisms, including bacteria; no nuclei in cells, all unicellular.

58
Q

Land-Sea Breeze

A

Patterns of wind based on convection currents caused by the difference in heating/cooling of land and water

59
Q

Liquid

A

A state of matter where particles can move freely; constant volume but no constant shape.

60
Q

Lunar eclipse

A

When the moon is not visible do to the Earth being in-between the moon and the Sun.

61
Q

Mantle

A

Layer of earth, under crust; convects

62
Q

Mass

A

the amount of material in an object; measured by triple-beam balance; remains the same regardless of gravity; NOT THE SAME AS WEIGHT.

63
Q

Melting Point

A

the point at which a solid turns into a liquid; the amount of the substance present does not change the melting point.

64
Q

Meniscus

A

Curved bottom of a liquid in graduated cylinder; measure the volume of liquid to the bottom of the meniscus.

65
Q

Metamorphic Rock

A

Rock that has changed due to heat or pressure.

66
Q

Meter stick

A

measures distance; metric system

67
Q

Mitochondria

A

Turns sugar into energy for cell; does cellular respiration

68
Q

Mitosis

A

Divides the cell’s DNA and creates two new cells with DNA identical to the first cell.

69
Q

Mixture

A

Made of two or more substances not bonded together; NaCl, H2O, O2.

70
Q

Moon

A

Orbits planet because of gravity

71
Q

Mountain

A

Made by two continents colliding or an ocean plate subducting under a continental plate.

72
Q

Multi-Cellular

A

Composed of more than one cell; (e.i. all plants, animals, some fungus, a few protists)

73
Q

Natural Selection

A

Process through which the environment selects the best traits to be passed to the next generation; leads to evolution.

74
Q

Nervous System

A

Brain, nerves, spinal cord; processes information and send signals around the body.

75
Q

Nucleus

A

Holds DNA in cell; bacteria do not have one

76
Q

Open System

A

Allows material to escape during an experiment; will not show the Law of Conservation of Mass

77
Q

Organ

A

Made of tissues; does a specific job for the body; makes up organ systems; E.i. stomach

78
Q

Outer Core

A

Layer of earth, made of liquid metal

79
Q

Pangaea

A

Supercontinent proposed by Alfred Wegener

80
Q

Phase Change

A

When matter moves from one state to another due to change in heat energy; e.i. solid > liquid

81
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Done by chloroplast in plants; some bacteria and some protists; creates sugar and oxygen.

82
Q

Physical Change

A

Atoms and molecules are rearranged, no bonds are changed- nothing new is created

83
Q

Planet

A

Solid or gaseous satellite that orbits a star

84
Q

Plant Kingdom

A

Organisms that do photosynthesis, have a cell wall, are multi-cellular with tissues

85
Q

Plate Boundary

A

The edge of a tectonic plates where earthquakes and volcanoes occur most often.

86
Q

Primary Consumer

A

Eats the producer in a food chain; E.i. mouse eats a plant

87
Q

Producers

A

Make the energy (they make their own food through photosynthesis) for an ecosystem; eaten by consumer; E.i. plants

88
Q

Protist Kingdom

A

uni- or multi-cellular organisms; their cells have nuclei ; autotrophic or heterotrophic

89
Q

Pseudopod

A

“Fake foot”; used for movement and feeding in amoeba (a protist)

90
Q

Pure substance

A

all of the atoms OR all of the molecules are the same; can be an element or a compound; the opposite of an mixture

91
Q

Radiation

A

Method of heat transfer where the objects do not need to be in direct contact; lights heats by radiation.

92
Q

Recessive Allele

A

A version of a gene that “hides” when the dominant allele is present.

93
Q

Respiration

A

The process by which cells make energy from sugar in the mitochondria; produces carbon dioxide.

94
Q

Respiratory System

A

Lungs, mouth, nose; exchanges gases with environment; oxygen in, carbon dioxide out

95
Q

Ring of Fire

A

The area around the Pacific ocean that follows the boundaries of many plates; there are many earthquakes and volcanoes due to plate tectonics

96
Q

Seasons

A

Created by the uneven heating of Earth (direct versus indirect light) due to the tilt of the Earth on its axis; NOT related to how close the Earth is to the sun.

97
Q

Secondary Consumer

A

Eats the primary consumer in an ecosystem (E.i. hawks eats a mouse)

98
Q

Sedimentary Rock

A

Created by smaller particles cemented together; E.i. sandstone, limestone, shale

99
Q

Sediments

A

Small pieces of rock (sand); created by erosion; compacted together to become sedimentary rock

100
Q

Sodium Chloride

A

A compound; table salt; one atom of sodium and one atom chlorine bonded; NaCl

101
Q

Solar Eclipse

A

When the moon moves between the Earth and the Sun so that you cannot see the Sun

102
Q

Solar System

A

Consists of one or more stars at its center; planets orbit the star

103
Q

Solid

A

State of matter where the particles cannot move freely; definite volume and shape.

104
Q

Speed

A

How fast an object is going; s= d/t

105
Q

Star

A

Ball of gas; center of solar system

106
Q

The Law of Conservation of Energy

A

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only transformed from one type to another.

107
Q

The Law of Conservation of Mass

A

Mass cannot be created nor destroyed; demonstrated best by experiments done in a closed system.

108
Q

Thermal Energy

A

The energy that changes when heat enters or leaves a system.

109
Q

Tides

A

The cyclic rise and fall of sea levels due to the gravity of the moon and the sun.

110
Q

Tissue

A

A group of specialized cells with special jobs in a multi- cellular organism.

111
Q

Triple Beam Balance

A

Measures mass (NOT WEIGHT) of an object.

112
Q

Uni-cellular

A

Organism is made up of only one cell; E.i. Amoeba, paramecium, bacteria, yeast.

113
Q

Universe

A

These are many galaxies in a universe

114
Q

Vacuole

A

Stories materials for cells

115
Q

Velocity

A

Speed in a specific direction; NOT EXACTLY THE SAME AS SPEED

116
Q

Volcano

A

Created by moving plates; magma leaves the crust for Earth’s surface, becoming lava.

117
Q

Volume

A

The amount of space an object takes up; v= l * w * h

118
Q

Weight

A

A measure of the downward force created by gravity and the mass of an object; NOT THE SAME AS MASS

119
Q

Yeast

A

Single-celled fungi; used to make carbon dioxide in baking.

MCAS Review (1 decks)

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