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history paper one hard > McArthy > Flashcards

McArthy Flashcards

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1
Q

What external events amplified the red scare

A
  • soviet expansion in Europe
    -Truman Doctrine and Marshall plan
    -atomic bombs
    -Korean war
    -china becoming communist
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2
Q

Who set up federal loyalty boards

A

J Edgar Hoover ( told president Truman that spying was a real concern)

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3
Q

What were the federal loyalty boards

A

FBI started creating files of evidence on gov members suspected of spying for communist Russia

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4
Q

How many people were investigated by the fedlob

A

over 3 million people

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5
Q

How many people were fired or forced to resign despite there being no evidence of actual spying taking place

A

3,000

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6
Q

What year was HUAC created and why

A

1938 , to monitor extremist groups
-in 1947 public hearing against the communist party of America presented

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7
Q

why were the Hollywood ten investigated

A

concern that communists would use the film industry to spread propaganda

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8
Q

who were the Hollywood ten

A

ten actors who refused to answer questions and pleaded the first amendment (the freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly)
-all jailed for one year and blacklisted

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9
Q

effect of Hollywood ten

A

-brought huge publicity to the red scare eg Walt Disney investigated
-increased anti-Communist hysteria

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10
Q

Who was Alger Hiss

A

was an American government official accused in 1948 of having spied for the Soviet Union

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11
Q

What happened to Hiss

A
  • despite his denial and fact he was never convicted of spying he was sentenced to 5 years in prison
    -Pumpkin papers -found guilty of lying
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12
Q

How did the Hiss case further anti-comunist hysteria

A

member of the state department

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13
Q

Who were the Rosenbergs

A

scientists which worked on the atomic bomb , accused of giving the Russians nuclear secrets
-convicted and sentenced to death
-executed 1953

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14
Q

Who was senator Joseph McCarthy

A

-chairman of the government committee on operations of the senate
-took advantage of mass hysteria to elevate his position and influence

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15
Q

What did Mc do

A

-conducted public hearings of suspected communists using bullying and agressive questioning
-said he had the name of over 200 communists working in the government , was eventually only able to name 57 suspects
-his claims strengthened his reputation as an anti communist

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16
Q

what happened to people who criticised him

A
  • accused by McCarthy of being communist or un-American
    -eg senator tydings who was defeated in the senate elections after called him a ´fraud and hoax´ , scared others into speaking out
    -destroyed people´s lives with accusations which scared others
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17
Q

What was the downfall of Mcarthy

A

INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE ARMY - hearing broadcasted on TV , target was general George Marshall ( US veteran ) , public saw what a bully Mc is , aggresive questions with no evidence
ROLE OF THE MEDIA - Tv program showed Mcarthy to be a liar , was called a communist , gave ed murrow (journalist ) confidence to speak out against him

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18
Q

Impact of the work of FBI and HUAC

A

-Americans believed communists were everywhere , even in highest positions of goverment
-many people believed they were surrounded by communist spies
-people suspicious of everyone and scared of being accused

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19
Q

What was the Macarran act

A

-all communists had to declare themselves
-not allowed passports or certain jobs
(USA couldn´t bad comm as it would be against their commandments )

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20
Q

2 effects of HUAC on red scare

A
  • increased paranoia
    -more extreme gov acts (macarran)
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21
Q

Why did other members of the republican party show their support for Mcarthy

A

being tough on communism got you more votes
against communism meant loosing your job

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22
Q

role of the media in red scare

A

intensified fear of communism eg red menace movie , therefore made more people believe Mcarthy

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23
Q

Senate role in downfall of Mc

A

publicly reprimanded him for his abuse

24
Q

what was Plessey vs Fergurson

A

schools allowed to be separate as long as they are equal

25
Q

what cr group was involved in brown v topeka

A

NAACP ( national association for advancement of coloured people)

26
Q

what was the name of the lawyer in brown v t

A

Thurgood marshall ( AA , assured will fight hard )

27
Q

by 1957 how many black children were attending formally segregated schools

A

300,000

28
Q

Most important consequences of BvTop

A
  • desegregation of schools , first time sc helps , 1st crack in Jim crow laws
  • increased violence against AA´s in the south (emmet till) (catalyst for cr movement)
29
Q

What happened in 18948 ( to do with Truman and cr act)

A
  • president truman tried to pass a civil rights bill but it was blocked by the republicans and dixiecrats
30
Q

Who filibustered the 1957 civil rights act

A

Storm Thurmond ( dixiecrat)
-filibustered the bill for over 24 hours so bill was not passed
-despite resistance Johnson (leader of democrats) managed to pass a watered down version of the cr act in sept 1957

31
Q

what did the 1957 civil rights act aim to do

A

aimed to improve AA voter registration by setting up COMMISION TO INVESTIGATE how AA WERE PREVENTED FROM VOTING , allowing PROSECUTION OF STATES who tried to stop AA VOTING

32
Q

significance of 1957 cr act

A

:) - showed congress was at least willing to do something about BCR - first time in 82 years , penalties for states found to be obstructing AA´s from registering to vote
:( - let do cr activists disappointed that the act did not go as far as they wanted , became even more determined to press for further reform , congress passed another cr act in 1960

33
Q

limitations of the 1957 cr act

A

only improved AA voters registration by 3%
and cr campaigners not satisfied
not significant in improving CR for AA

34
Q

significance of sit ins

A

-numbers who took part (70k)
-attracted huge publicity + sympathy (from eis)
-start of student protests
-succefully desegregated some facilities
-first truly mass cr protest
-more confrontational than boycotts

35
Q

significance of MTG

A

-desegregated all buses
-1st time AA came together in peaceful protest and won
-led to setting up of more cr groups

36
Q

why did CORE plan the freedom rides

A

to show Boyton v Virginia was not being followed , provoking a reaction from the southern racists (created media coverage)

37
Q

background to the meredith case

A
  • May 1961 James meredith applied for a place at Missisipi and rejected
    -NAACP helped him take his case to court
    -SC ordered the university to accept him but refused
  • governor encouraged legislative to pass a law denying admission to uni for poeple who had been previously been accepted into a crime ( sit in )
38
Q

what happened when Kennedy intervened in the Meredith case

A
  • ordered those obstructing the law to stop
    -sent hundred of federal soldiers to escort M to register
  • officials attacked and riots , 2 died , 300 injured
  • 2k federal troops to stop the rioting
39
Q

what did selma pressure LBJ to do

A

pass a voting right act

40
Q

what happened after selma

A

cr movement split ( SNCC began to question strategy of non-violence)

41
Q

why was Malcolm X significant

A
  • superb speaker
    -increased membership of NOI to about 100,000
    -felt violence should be justified for self defence
    -helped set yo educational + social programs aimed at black youth in ghettoes
    -teaching ab black history
    -uniform and shows for black children in ghettoes
    -´by any means neccesary´
    -highlighted huf¡ge economic+social problems facing AA´s
42
Q

biggest race riot

A

WATTS RIOT , started because of police brutality , man arrested , police attack his mum and pregnant gf , 1400 NATIONAL GUARDSMEN sent in to restore order , after 6 days 34 died oover 100 injured over 4000 arrested

43
Q

LEADERS OF BLACK PANTHER MOVEMENT

A

BOBBY SEALE AND HUEY NEUTON

44
Q

main things black panthers did

A

patrolling the pigs to prevent police brutality , free healthcare , black history classes

45
Q

CHICAGO FREEDOM MOVEMENT 1966

A

(mainstream cr movement , not black power)
announced SCLC would move their campaigns to the north

46
Q

what were the 3 main things the chicago freedom movement were focused on

A

IMPROVING HOUSING
EDUCATION
EMPLOYEMENT

47
Q

limitations of the Chicago freedom movement

A

operation breadbasket , boycott to pressure business owners into employing black people , progress slow , north so no violence response
MLK reached agreement with mayor , goes back on agreements , nothing done

48
Q

POOR PEOPLES CAMPAIGN (MLK´s last campaign)

A

designed to help poor people of ALL RACES
-improve wellfare
- education
-minimum wage

49
Q

why couldn´t the poor people´s campaign be finished

A

MLK MURDERED april 1968
-without MLK diff groups disagree on tactics
-seen as a disaster , damaged public image of cr movement

50
Q

presidential action after 1965

A

-Johnson hoped action might help reduce violence , cut federal funding to shcools which resisted integration
-encouraged ´BUSSIN´- transporting AA kids from ghettoes to white areas to go to school
-encouraged ´AFFIRMATIVE ACTION´ - giving black people jobs even if they had lower qualifications than whites

51
Q

what did Nixon do for civil rights

A

-less commited to cr than J
-spoke out against bussing - tried to overturn the sc case that allowed it
-aprovved affirmative action
-increased black workers from 1%-12% of the total workforce
-pushed through congress the 192 equal opportunity act

52
Q

reasons for the march on washington

A

-civil rights groups wanted to show their support for the cr bill which was being debated in congress
-thought if large numbers came to show their support for the bill then congress would be pressured to pass it
-to draw attention to problems faced by AA´s (difficult to get jobs, paid less than whit epeople , more likely to be unemployed)

53
Q

why was the date for the march on Washington significant

A

marked 100 years since slavery was ended

54
Q

why did kennedy try to stop the protesters from marching

A

-afraid there would be violence
-sent in 1000 extra police and 2000 guardsmen on standby
(not necesary , the protesters marched peacefully until they reached the Lincoln memorial)

55
Q

instead of 100,000 people how many showed up and how many were white

A

250,000 showed up , 60,000 where white
-not a march displaying black solidarity but RACIAL UNITY

56
Q

what events happened at the march which made it special

A

-musical performances aswell as speeches
-celebrities eg Bob dylan and Marlon brando present
-MLK keynote speaker - gave his I HAVE A DREAM speech

57
Q
A

history paper one hard (1 decks)

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