MC questions Flashcards
What is the correct order of the olfactory transduction?
1) Odor reaches odorant receptor, G Protein activation, cAMP activation, ion channel activation, Na+ ions produce AP
2) Odor reaches odorant receptor, cAMP activation, ion channel activation, Na+ ions produce AP, G Protein activation
3) Odor reaches odorant receptor, G Protein activation, ion channel activation, Na+ ions produce AP, cAMP activation
cAMP activation, ion channel, odor reaches odorant receptor, G Protein activation, activation, Na+ ions produce AP
4) Odor reaches odorant receptor, ion channel activation, G Protein activation, cAMP activation, Na+ ions produce AP
1) Odor reaches odorant receptor, G Protein activation, cAMP activation, ion channel activation, Na+ ions produce AP
What does not fit in Henning’s Smell Prism?
1) flowery
2) spicy
3) burnt
4) resinous
5) sweet
5) sweet
What is not part of the “Rules of multisensory integration”?
1) spatio-temporal unity
2) sensory dominance
3) semantic congruence
4) supermultiplicity
5) superadditivity
4) supermultiplicity
What types of papillae do not exist on the tongue?
1) Circumvallate
2) Fungiform
3) Sulfioform
4) Foliate
3) Sulfioform
Which of the following statements regarding olfaction are true?
1) When an odor is sensed retronasally, it is perceived as originating from the external world.
2) When an odor is sensed orthonasally, it is perceived as rising from the mouth.
3) Orthonsal olfaction allows us to detect environmental stimuli.
4) Retronasal olfaction allows us to assess what we have just swallowed, letting us know whether to reject it or continue eating.
3) Orthonsal olfaction allows us to detect environmental stimuli.
4) Retronasal olfaction allows us to assess what we have just swallowed, letting us know whether to reject it or continue eating.
For which of the following tastes the signal transduction works via interaction with G-proteins?
1) Sour
2) Sweet
3) Bitter
4) Umami
5) Salty
2) Sweet
3) Bitter
4) Umami
Where does flavor arise?
1) On the tongue only
2) In the brain
3) In the entire gastrointestinal tract
4) In the food only
2) In the brain
In which region of the tongue do we taste “sweet”?
1) Only at the back of the tongue.
2) Only at the back and the sides of the tongue.
3) Only at the anterior-third of the tongue.
4) In any region of the tongue, with a preference at the anterior-third of the tongue.
4) In any region of the tongue, with a preference at the anterior-third of the tongue.
Which statement about the innervation of the taste system is WRONG?
1) The tip of the tongue is innervated by a branch of the cranial nerve VII (chorda tympani).
2) The side of the tongue is innervated by cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal nerve).
3) The back of the tongue is innervated by cranial nerve X (vagus nerve).
4) The back of the tongue is innervated by cranial nerve VII, IX and X.
4) The back of the tongue is innervated by cranial nerve VII, IX and X.
Which of the following are requirements for olfactory stimuli? (multiple answer)
1) fat soluble
2) reactive carbonyl-group
3) airborne molecules
4) at least one aromatic compound (e.g. a benzene)
5) a geometry structure associated to one scent category
1) fat soluble
3) airborne molecules
Which of the following processes does NOT lead to changes in the brain?
1) Learning
2) Damage
3) Ontogenetic development
4) Sleep
4) Sleep
Which of the following is not a mechanism that is induced by the damage of a central or peripheral injury?
1) Unmasking
2) Lesion
3) Adaption
4) Transplantation
5) Sprouting
3) Adaption
Which statements concerning neuroplasticity are true? (multiple answers)
1) Neuroplasticity is driven by behavioral relevance.
2) If cortical regions due to amputation are cut off from their input, this leads to degeneration.
3) Neuropsychological therapy is the only way to promote neuroplasticity.
4) Young brains are more plastic.
1) Neuroplasticity is driven by behavioral relevance.
4) Young brains are more plastic.
Which of the following statements regarding neural signal transduction is NOT correct?
1) a neurotransmitter could trigger a signal transduction via metabolic receptors in a second messenger pathway.
2) The activation of ion channels in the synaptic gap show inhibitory/exhibitory impact on the cell voltage.
3) The strength of a connection depends on the strength of the transmitted signal: the more receptors and ion-channels, the stronger the connection.
4) The strength of a connection depends on the strength of the transmitted signal: the more released neurotransmitters and ions, the stronger the connection.
5) Glutamate is the main neurotransmitter in the brain.
4) The strength of a connection depends on the strength of the transmitted signal: the more released neurotransmitters and ions, the stronger the connection.
Which statement about intramodal adaptation in humans is correct?
- synchronous stimulation leads to cortical segregation
- Invasion means that a non used brain area is taken over by neighboring areas
- short-term cortical representations are reversible changes to somatotopic maps that occur in the time-course of months
- brain areas that are massively used can not be expanded
- Invasion means that a non used brain area is taken over by neighboring areas
Which mechanism plays NOT a role in the context of neuroplasticity?
- Invasion
- Expansion
- Adduction
- Fusion & Segregation
- Adduction
Which consequence in the context of neuroplasticity is NOT related to high-fat-diet/obesity?
- hyperthyroidism
- less factors for synaptic plasticity
- less grey matter volume in certain brain areas
- increased risk for cognitive impairment
- hyperthyroidism
Which of the following stimuli leads to a damaged cortical representation?
1) perinatal anoxia
2) perinatal exposition against polychlorated biphenyls (PCB)
3) being reared in constant noise
4) being fed the ‘wrong’ way
5) all of the above
5) all of the above
Which of the following statements concerning neuroplasticity in musicians is INCORRECT?
1) The adaption of neuroplasticity is increased, the more intense the practice is.
2) The adaption of neuroplasticity is more intense if the musician started the instrument at a younger age.
3) People starting to play the violin at age 20 or older have the same dipol moment for stimulation of the 5th finger compared to non-musicians.
4) People starting to play the violin at age 20 or older have a decreased dipol moment for stimulation of the 5th finger compared to people playing the violin since age 5.
3) People starting to play the violin at age 20 or older have the same dipol moment for stimulation of the 5th finger compared to non-musicians.
What is NOT true regarding the concentration of neuropeptides in the cerebrospinal fluids during Anorexia Nervosa - illness:
1) The concentration of NPY in the cerebrospinal fluids of patients with AN is increased by ~40% in comparison to control women.
2) The concentration of beta-endorphin in the cerebrospinal fluids of patients with AN is decreased by ~55% in comparison to control women.
3) The concentration of HVA in the cerebrospinal fluids of patients with AN is increased by ~30% in comparison to control women.
4) The concentration of Leptin in the cerebrospinal fluids of patients with AN is increased by ~50% in comparison to control women.
5) The concentration of 5HIAA in the cerebrospinal fluids of patients with AN is decreased by ~35% in comparison to control women.
3) The concentration of HVA in the cerebrospinal fluids of patients with AN is increased by ~30% in comparison to control women.
Which of the following statements about Binge eating disorder is wrong according to the DSM5 criteria?
1) An episode of binge eating is characterised by the eating of an amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat during a similar period of time and by a sense of lack of control over eating during the episode.
2) Binge eating is associated with the recurrent use of inappropriate compensatory behaviours as in Bulimia Nervosa.
3) Binge eating occurs at least once a week for three months.
4) Binge eating episodes can be associated with feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed or very guilty.
5) Marked distress regarding binge eating is present.
2) Binge eating is associated with the recurrent use of inappropriate compensatory behaviours as in Bulimia Nervosa.
Which of the following is not a symptom of Anorexia nervosa?
1) Strange eating habits or routines, such as eating in secret
2) Laxative, diuretic or diet pill use
3) Depression, anxiety or irritability
4) Infrequent or irregular, or even missed menstrual periods in females
5) Eating of non-nutritive substances
5) Eating of non-nutritive substances
What are consequences of untreated Anorexia nervosa?(Multiple right answers)
1) Damaged organs, especially the heart, brain, and kidneys
2) Increasing blood pressure, pulse and breathing rate
3) Loss of hair
4) Fluid-electrolyte imbalance
5) Death from starvation or suicide
1) Damaged organs, especially the heart, brain, and kidneys
3) Loss of hair
4) Fluid-electrolyte imbalance
5) Death from starvation or suicide
Which of the following answers are right? (Multiple right answers)
1) Anorexia nervosa has been associated with certain risk loci.
2) Pica often occurs independently of other mental health disorders.
3) Bulimia nervosa is associated with recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications, fasting or excessive exercise.
4) Anorexia nervosa patients eat an amount of food that definitely is larger than most people would eat during a similar period.
1) Anorexia nervosa has been associated with certain risk loci.
3) Bulimia nervosa is associated with recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications, fasting or excessive exercise.
