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Exam 3 > MBM > Flashcards

MBM Flashcards

1
Q

Rho-independent vs rho-dependent RNA termination mechanism in Prokaryotes

A

Ind: hairpin loop and polyA sequence with a string of uracil
Dep: Rho Helicase binds to rut site with ATP

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2
Q

Pol α:

A

Tight complex with Primase

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3
Q

Function of PERK in Eu Translation?

A

Phosphorylates eIF2-GDP to eIF2-GTP, in order to inhibit eIF2B. (2B promotes translation)

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4
Q

3 mRNA Mods

A

5’ cap, splicing, 3’ poly-A-tail

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5
Q

Tetracyclin

A

Blocks pro A site

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6
Q

How to remember which letters are found in the basal transcription machinery?

A

Letters A-H, except there’s NO C

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7
Q

The C-Terminal end of Polymerase must be (phos or dephos) to recruit termination factors?

A

Dephosphorylated

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8
Q

Base Excision Repair 3 Steps (Mainly to fix mutations caused by environmental factors)

A
  1. DNA Glycosylase cleaves sugar link
  2. AP endonuclease cuts phosphodiester
  3. Pol 1 And Ligase f
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9
Q

Streptomycin

A

Alters 30S only Pro

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10
Q

What two things can bind when TF-IIH phosphorylates the C-terminus of RNA POL II?

A

Cap Synthesizing complex (CSC) and cap binding complex (CBC) can link onto it and hook onto the growing mRNA

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11
Q

Three steps in Eukaryotic Translation Initiation

A
  1. eIF4F bind cap and 40S
  2. eIF2 links Met
  3. Complex slides down with helicase towards AUG site
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12
Q

Three steps in Eukaryotic DNA initiation?

A
  1. ORC is activated by Cdt1 and Cdc16/18
  2. MCM helicase is recruited
  3. After replication is done; Cdt1 is inhibited by geminin and Cdc6/18 is degraded.
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13
Q

Four steps for protein Elongation

A
  1. aaTRNA binds A site with EF-TU-GTP
  2. GTP regenerated with TS
  3. Large subunit catalyzes peptide bond formation
  4. EF-G or eEF2 binds to A site and slides to next unit
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14
Q

Three steps in Prokaryotic DNA initiation?

A
  1. dnaA protein binds to region in origin
  2. dnaB helicase unwinds
  3. Primase is recruited
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15
Q

Erythromycin

A

Blocks Pro A site

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16
Q

Pro vs Eu Small rRNA identity and function

A

Pro-16S,

Eu-18S, They both line up the mRNA

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17
Q

Two methods of Self Splicing mRNA?

A
  1. Guano-Nucleotide facilitates attack

2. Adenosine Branch point links OH, forms loop

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18
Q

Is pro or Eu mRNA monocistronic?

A

Eu, one gene per transcript

19
Q

The mRNA sequence is complementary to the____ strand and identical to the ___ strand

A

Template, Coding

20
Q

Three Eukaryotic RNA polymerases

A

Pol 1 and Pol3-rRNA and tRNA

Pol2-mRNA

21
Q

Distinguishing factor of Prokaryotic DNA pol III?

A

Holocomplex consisting of both lagging strand and leading strand polymerases connected.

22
Q

Cycloheximide

A

Blocks peptidyl transferase site in eukaryotes!

23
Q

a-amanitin

A

Blocks Eukaryotic PolII

24
Q

3 Components of mRNA 5’ cap before it’s attached

A
  1. 7-methyl-guanosine cap
  2. 5’5’-Triphosphate linkage
  3. Sometimes methylation at 2’ OH group of bases
25
Q

Pol δ and Pol ε

A

Promotes both lagging and leading strand synthesis

26
Q

Mismatch Repair (Mistakes made by DNA polymerase) 4 Steps

A
  1. MutS and MutL search for defects and make a complex
  2. MutH is recruited and makes a nick
  3. DNA helicase and Exonuclease
  4. DNA Pol 3 Fills gap!
27
Q

Describe the Six subunits of RNA polymerase of prokaryotes.

A

2 alphas
1 Beta 1 Beta’-SYNTHESIS
1 Omega
1 Sigma-RECOGNITION AND BINDING OF PROMOTER

28
Q

Distinguishing factor of Prokaryotic DNA Pol I?

A

5’->3’ exonuclease activity

29
Q

Rifampicin

A

Inhibits prokaryotic RNA transcription

30
Q

Basal Transcription Machinery, Chromatin Modifications, Transcription activators, Coactivators, and architectural regulators are the 5 main things which ____ needs to bind

A

EUKARYOTIC POLYMERASE 2

31
Q

Nucleotide Excision Repair 3 Steps (Mainly for pyrimidine dimers)

A
  1. UvrABC detects large distortions
  2. UvrD(helicase) unwinds DNA and peels
  3. Pol 1 and Ligase
32
Q

Glycl-tRNA synthetase (GARS) mutations causes

A

Chargot Marie Tooth

33
Q

Puromycin

A

Premature Pro Termination

34
Q

To get the 7’ methyl guanosine cap on mRNA, what two key things need to happen via TF-IIH

A
  1. Phosphoydrolase chopping gamma phosphate

2. Guanine getting linked on by guanylyltransferase

35
Q

Pol γ

A

Mitochondrial DNA Rep

36
Q

Actinomycin D

A

Inhibits BOTH eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA transcription

37
Q

Three steps in prokaryotic Translation Initiation?

A
  1. IF1 blocks A site, IF3 keeps Large subunit away
  2. 30S binds to mRNA with 16S/ShineDalgarno
  3. fMet added via IF2
38
Q

Basal Machinery Functions
IID, IIA:
IIB, IIF:
IIE and IIH

A
  • Binds to TATA, stabilizes
  • recruits F, which carries Pol
  • Helicase activity
39
Q

Pro vs Eu Large rRNA identity and function

A

Pro- 23S, Eu-28S

They both catalyze peptide bond formation

40
Q

Name the regulatory component of mRNA’s function and one structure

A

Controls timing and quantity of mRNA; includes promoter

41
Q

Pol β

A

Base Excision Repair

42
Q

The 4 structural component of mRNA

A
  1. Exons
  2. Introns
  3. splice junctions,
  4. polyadenylation Signal
43
Q

How many RNA polymerases do prokaryotes have?

A

One

Exam 3 (2 decks)

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