MBLEx Flashcards
chinese massage
amma
Japanese massage
Tsubo
India Treatments
Ayurveda
James Cyriax
Developed deep transverse friction, father of orthopedic medicine
Celsus
Roman physician who wrote De Medicina
Per Henrik Ling
Developed Swedish Gymnastics
Douglas Graham
Popularized the term “massage” in America
Johann Mezger
Developed terminology for massage strokes in French
Charles Taylor
Introduced Medical Gymnastics to the US
Emil Vodder
Developed lymphatic drainage
Effleurage
Gliding strokes directed towards the heart
Petrissage
Kneading strokes to loosen adhesions
Vibration
Shaking or trembling movements to stimulate or sedate an area
Tapotement
Percussion strokes that activate spindle cells
Friction
Strokes that move across tissue
Nerve Stroke
Very light form of effleurage
Active Joint Movement
Client performs a movement without help from therapist
Active Assistive Joint Movement
Client performs a movement with help from therapist
Passive Joint Movement
Therapist performs movement with client completely relaxed
Resistive Joint Movement
Client resists movement being performed by the therapist
Assessment
A preliminary evaluation of the client before a treatment
Unassisted Stretch
Client performs the stretch without the help of the therapist
Assisted Stretch
Client performs stretch with help from the therapist
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation
Stretch until resistance is met, client performs an isometric contraction, then the stretch moves further
Reciprocal Inhibition
Forces a muscle to relax by contracting the antagonist muscle
Soft End Feel
Stoppage of range-of-motion due to muscle
Hard End Feel
Stoppage of range-of-motion due to bone
Empty End Feel
Stoppage of range-of-motion due to trauma to an area
Top Cover Draping
The linen used as the drape on top of the client
Full Sheet Draping
Wraps a client in a cocoon, used in wraps
Archer/Bow Stance
Feet placed parallel to the massage table
Horse/Warrior Stance
Feet placed perpendicular to the massage table
Endangerment Site
An area of the body that requires caution while massaging
Local Contraindication
Avoiding a specific area of the body while performing a massage
Absolute Contraindication
Anything that prevents a massage session from being performed
Aromatherapy
Using essential oils to restore or heal the client
Craniosacral Therapy
Releases blockages in the flow of cerebrospinal fluid from the cranium to the sacrum
Tuina
Modern Chinese massage
Turkish Bath
A sauna inside a large stone building
Vichy Shower
Shower performed on a water-proof table, utilizing seven shower heads
Swiss Shower
Standing shower utilizing sixteen shower heads
Lomi Lomi
Hawaiian massage similar to Swedish
Reflexology
Treating points on the hands, feet, and ears that correspond to internal tissues and organs
Reiki
Channeling energy into the client
Rolfing
Structural Realignment
Thai Massage
Clothed massage involving stretching, performed on the floor
Ida Rolf
Developed Rolfing
Certification
Obtained via educational requirements usually in a school setting
License
Jurisdictional requirement to regulate the practice of massage therapy
Reciprocity
License in one jurisdiction being recognized and accepted in another
Subjective
Information the client shares about themselves
Objective/Observation
Type of massage performed and measurable data
Assessment
Any changes in the client resulting from a massage
Plan
Any homework or treatment recommendations given to the client
Open-Ended Question
Questions used when asking for feedback from the client
Close-Ended Question
Questions used when looking for a yes-or-no response
Transference
Client viewing therapist similarly to a person in their early life
Counter-transference
Therapist bringing their own unresolved issues into the therapeutic relationship
Independent Contractor
Therapist who signs a contract to work for a person or business
Ethics
Guiding moral principles
Sole Proprietor
A business with only one owner
Partnership
Business with two or more owners
1099
Filed by Independent Contractors quarterly
Schedule C
Filed by sole proprietors, detailing tax and income information
Schedule K-1
Filed by partnership members, detailing tax and income information
W-2
Filed by employees, detailing tax and income information
Anatomy
Study of the structure of the human body
Physiology
Study of the function of the human body
Homeostasis
Maintaining a constant internal environment
Central Body Region
Consists of the head, neck, and trunk
Upper Limb
Consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand
Lower Limb
Consists of the thigh, leg, ankle, and foot
Dorsal Body Cavity
Consists of the skull and vertebral column, protects the brain and spinal cord
Ventral Body Cavity
Consists of the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis
Sagittal Plane
Splits the body into left and right sides, but not equally
Transverse/Horizontal Plane
Splits the body into superior and inferior
Frontal/Coronal Plane
Splits the body into anterior and posterior
Midsagittal Plane
Splits the body into equal left and right sides
Four Types of Tissue
Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous
Epithelial Tissue
Type of tissue that protects, absorbs, and secretes, and is avascular
Connective Tissue
Type of tissue that connects, separates, protects, and makes blood
Muscular Tissue
Type of tissue that allows movement, beats the heart, and allows peristalsis
Nervous Tissue
Type of tissue that interprets sensation, mental activity, and controls muscle
Erythrocytes
Transport oxygen throughout the body, contain hemoglobin
Leukocytes
Protect the body against disease and eat dead cells and debris
Thrombocytes
Clot the blood
Plasma
Fluid portion of blood
Blast Cells
Germ cells that build the extracellular matrix
Clast Cells
Cells that break down the extracellular matrix
Dendrites
Finger-like projections that receive action potentials and bring them into the neuron
Vena Cava
Largest vein in the body
Tricuspid Valve
Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle
Bicuspid Valve
Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle
Aorta
Largest artery in the body
Arteries
Largest blood vessels, carry blood away from the heart
Veins
Carry blood towards the heart
Oral Cavity
Contains tongue, teeth, and salivary glands, performs mastication
Liver
Detoxifies toxins from the blood, produces bile
Gallbladder
Stores bile and empties bile into the duodenum
Small Intestine
Absorbs nutrients into the blood stream after digestion
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
Descending order of the small intestine
Large Intestine
Converts chyme to feces, absorbs water, and eliminates waste
Four Sections of Large Intestine
Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
Esophageal Sphincter
Located between the pharynx and esophagus
Cardiac Sphincter
Located between the esophagus and stomach
Pyloric Sphincter
Located between the stomach and small intestine
Ileocecal Sphincter
Located between the small intestine and large intestine
Endocrine Glands
Produce hormones and secrete them into the blood
Pituitary Gland
Produces growth hormone, prolactin, and follicle-stimulating hormone.
Ovaries
Produce oocytes and progesterone
Testes
Produce testosterone
Integumentary System
Consists of skin, hair, nails, glands. Protects the body
Sudoriferous Glands
Produce sweat
Sebaceous Glands
Produce sebum (oil)
Pacinian Corpuscles
Detect deep pressure
Meissner’s Corpuscles
Detect light pressure
Nociceptors
Detect pain
Spleen
Removes old red blood cells from the blood stream
Isometric Contraction
Muscle length stays the same, tension in the muscle changes
Isotonic Contraction
Muscle length changes, tension remains constant
Concentric Contraction
Muscle length decreases, tension in the muscle remains constant
Eccentric Contraction
Muscle length increases, tension in the muscle remains constant
Prime Mover/Agonist
Muscle responsible for producing a movement
Synergist
Muscle that assists the prime mover in performing an action
Antagonist
Muscle that performs the opposite action of an agonist
Thyroid
Produces calcitonin
Central Nervous System
Consists of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Consists of nerves
Cerebellum
Regulates muscle tone, balance, and coordination
Spinal Nerves
31 pairs
Cranial Nerves
Twelve pairs
Sympathetic Response
“Fight or flight”, increases heart rate
Alveoli
Where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood takes place
Larynx
Allows speech
Parasympathetic Response
“Rest and digest”, decreases heart rate, allows peristalsis
Diaphragm
Muscle responsible for repiration
Axial Skeleton
Consists of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage
Sagittal Suture
Connects the parietal bones together
Lambdoid Suture
Connects the occipital bone to the parietal bones
Squamous Suture
Connects the temporal and parietal bone together
Coronal Suture
Connects the frontal and parietal bone together
Cervical region
Contains seven vertebrae
Thoracic region
Contains twelve vertebrae
Lumbar region
Contains five vertebrae
Pairs of ribs
Twelve pairs
Floating ribs
Protect the kidneys
Appendicular Skeleton
Consists of the upper limb, lower limb, pectoral girdle, and pelvic girdle
Trapezium
Articulates with the metacarpal of the thumb, makes the saddle joint
Talus
Articulates with the tibia to make the talocrural joint
Synarthrotic
Non-movable joint
Diarthrotic
Freely movable joint
Kidneys
Filter waste from the blood, regulate electrolytes
Amphiarthrotic
Somewhat movable joint
Ureters
Transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
Urinary Bladder
Stores urine
Uretha
Transports urine from bladder out of the body
Anemia
Lack of oxygen-carrying ability of blood due to lack of iron/hemoglobin
Aneurysm
Weakening in the wall of an artery, causing the artery wall to bulge out
Thoracic Duct
Largest lymph vessel, drains into the left subclavian vein
Atherosclerosis
Fatty plaque buildup in the arteries
Hypertension
High blood pressure
Heart Murmur
Blood flowing backwards in the heart due to malfunctioning valves
Raynaud’s Syndrome
Vasoconstriction in the fingers and toes, reducing blood flow
Phlebitis
Vein inflammation
Varicose Veins
Swelling of veins as a result of valves malfunctioning
Myocardial Infarction
Death of heart tissue
Chloecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
Cirrhosis
Destruction of liver cells, giving liver a cobblestone appearance
Diverticulosis
Formation of small pouches that protrude from the large intestine
Hepatitis
Viral infection causing inflammation of the liver
Type I Diabetes
Body not having enough insulin in it
Type II Diabetes
Body becoming desensitized to insulin
Hyperthyroidism
Increased thyroid production, results in goiter and sensitivity to heat
Hypothyroidism
Lack of thyroid hormone in the body, causes fatigue, weight gain, and sensitivity to cold
Acne
Localized skin infection caused by blockage of glands, stress, or testosterone production
Athlete’s Foot
“Tinea Pedis”, fungal infection on the feet
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Form of skin cancer. Slowest growing, most common, least serious form
First Degree Burn
Burn affecting only the epidermis
Second Degree Burn
Burn moving through the epidermis into the dermis which results in blisters
Decubitus Ulcer
Ulcerations caused by prolonged pressure placed on a localized area, resulting in necrosis
Cellulitis
Staphylococcus infection of the skin which enters the body through wounds
Third Degree Burn
Burn moving through all layers of the skin resulting in necrosis and scarring
Herpes Simplex
Virus resulting in cold sores around the mouth during flare-ups
Impetigo
Staphylococcus infection resulting in honeycomb patches around the mouth, nose, and other mucous membranes
Malignant Melanoma
Overproduction of melanin resulting in tumors that can spread
Psoriasis
Autoimmune disorder causing increased production of epithelial cells in the skin
Ringworm
“Tinea Corporis”, fungal infection causing raised red-ringed patches on the skin
Diverticulitis
Inflammation of diverticular pouches which can ulcerate and become infected
Sebaceous Cyst
Blockage of sebaceous gland, resulting in formation of a membrane around it
Wart
Epidermal protrusion caused by the human papilloma virus
Tenosynovitis
Inflammation of a tendon and its protective sheath
Lymphedema
Swelling of extremities as a result of too much lymph in an area
Lupus
Autoimmune disorder which attacks the body’s connective tissues
Pitting Edema
Swelling resulting in pits in the skin after applying pressure
Golfer’s Elbow
Inflammation at the medial epicondyle of the humerus, affects flexors of the wrist
Tennis Elbow
Inflammation at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, affects the extensors of the wrist
Muscular Dystrophy
Autoimmune disorder resulting in destruction of muscle tissue and muscle atrophy
Strain
Injury to a tendon or muscle
Tendonitis
Inflammation of a tendon usually caused by overuse
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Entrapment of the brachial plexus by hypertonic pectoralis minor and scaleness
Bell’s Palsy
Compression of or injury to the Facial Nerve causing paralysis on one side of the face
Meningitis
Inflammation of the meninges caused by bacteria or virus
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Compression of the median nerve by the tranverse carpal ligament causing loss of sensation in the hand
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain, usually caused by a virus transmitted by mosquitoes
Multiple Sclerosis
Autoimmune disorder causing destruction of the myelin sheaths surrounding axons in the central nervous system
Parkinson’s Disease
Reduction of the neurotransmitter dopamine, leading to tremors and shaking
Sciatica
Compression of the sciatic nerve, causing pain in the thigh and leg
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Compression of or injury to the trigeminal nerve causing intense pain in the face
Asthma
Irritation of bronchial tubes by allergens or emotional stress, spasms of smooth muscle
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes by constant irritation or other infections
Emphysema
Destruction of the alveoli in the lungs causing increased air retention and decreased oxygen intake
Influenza
Viral infection of the respiratory tract, highly contagious
Laryngitis
Inflammation of the larynx, can be caused by irritation or infection
Pneumonia
Streptococcal infection which results in increased fluid in the lung alveoli
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Autoimmune disorder causing degeneration of the intervertebral discs
Baker’s Cyst
Cyst behind the knee caused by escape of synovial fluid
Bursitis
Inflammation of a bursa, usually with fluid buildup
Dislocation
Displacement of bone from its normal location
Fracture
A break in a bone
Gout
Excessive amounts of uric acid in the body, results in inflamed big toe
Herniated Disc
Protrusion of the nucleus pulposus through the annulus fibrosis
Kyphosis
Also called Dowager’s Hump, it is a hyper-curvature of the thoracic vertebrae
Lordosis
Hyper-curvature of the lumbar vertebrae, usually caused by tight psoas major or weak rectus abdominis
Osteoarthritis
Erosion of the cartilage of articulating bones, causing inflammation
Osteoporosis
Degeneration of bone tissue resulting from lack of estrogen and calcium in bones
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Autoimmune disorder causing destruction of synovial membranes, replacing them with thick fibrous material
Scoliosis
Lateral curvature of the vertebrae
Sprain
Injury to a ligament
Cystitis
Bacterial infection of the urinary bladder
Uremia
Excessive amounts of urea in the blood stream
Urinary Tract Infection
Bacterial infection affecting both the urethra and bladder
Acromion Process
Origin: Middle Deltoid
Insertion: Trapezius
Coracoid Process
Origin: Coracobrachialis Short Head of Biceps B.
Insertion: Pectoralis Minor
Superior Angle of the Scapula
Insertion: Levator Scapulae
Spine of the Scapula
Origin: Posterior Deltoid
Insertion: Trapezius
Inferior Angle of the Scapula
Origin: Teres Major
Lateral Border of the Scapula
Origin: Teres Minor
Medial Border of the Scapula
Insertion: Rhomboids Major and Rhomboids Minor
Serratus Anterior
Subscapular Fossa
Origin: Subscapularis
Supraspinous Fossa
Origin: Supraspinatus
Infraspinous Fossa
Origin: Infraspinatus
Greater Tubercle of the Humerus
Insertion: Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Lesser Tubercle of the Humerus
Insertion: Subscapularis
Intertubercular/Bicipital Groove
Insertion: Latissimus Dorsi
Teres Major
Pectoralis Major
Deltoid Tuberosity
Insertion: Deltoids
Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus
Origin: Flexors of the Wrist
Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus
Origin: Extensors of the Wrist
Radial Tuberosity
Insertion: Biceps Brachii
Styloid Process of the Radius
Insertion: Brachioradialis
Olecranon Process
Insertion: Triceps Brachii
Coronoid Process of the Ulna
Insertion: Brachialis
Ulnar Tuberosity
Insertion: Brachialis
Iliac Crest
Origin: Latissimus Dorsi
Iliac Fossa
Origin: Iliacus
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
Origin: Sartorius
Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
Origin: Rectus Femoris
Superior Ramus of the Pubis
Origin: Pectineus
Inferior Ramus of the Pubis
Origin: Adductor Magnus Gracilis
Ischial Tuberosity
Origin: Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps Femoris
Adductor Magnus
Body of the Pubis
Origin: Adductor Longus
Greater Trochanter
Insertion: Piriformis
Linea Aspera
Insertion: Adductor Magnus
Adductor Longus
Pectineus
Adductor Tubercle
Insertion: Adductor Magnus
Lesser Trochanter
Insertion: Iliacus
Psoas Major
Medial Epicondyle and Lateral Epicondyle of the Femur
Origin: Gastrocnemius
Gluteal Tuberosity
Insertion: Gluteus Maximus
Pes Anserinus
Insertion: Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendinosus
Tibial Tuberosity
Insertion: Rectus Femoris
Head of the Fibula
Origin: Peroneus Longus
Soleus
Insertion: Biceps Femoris
Soleal Line
Origin: Soleus
Elevation of the Scapula
Levator Scapulae
Upper Fibers of Trapezius
Depression of the Scapula
Lower Fibers of Trapezius
Retraction/Adduction of the Scapula
Rhomboids Middle Fibers of Trapezius
Protraction/Abduction of the Scapula
Serratus Anterior
Pectoralis Minor
Flexion of the Shoulder
Pectoralis Major
Coracobrachialis
Biceps Brachii
Anterior Deltoid
Extension of the Shoulder
Latissimus Dorsi
Teres Major
Subscapularis
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Abduction of the shoulder
Deltoid
Supraspinatus
Adduction of the Shoulder
Latissimus Dorsi
Teres Major
Subscapularis
Medial Rotation of the Shoulder
Latissimus Dorsi
Teres Major
Subscapularis
Pectoralis Major
Lateral Rotation of the Shoulder
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Horizontal Adduction of the Shoulder
Pectoralis Major
Coracobrachialis
Horizontal Abduction of the Shoulder
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Flexion of the Elbow
Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Extension of the Elbow
Triceps Brachii
Supination of the Forearm
Biceps Brachii
Supinator
Pronation of the Forearm
Pronator Teres
Flexion of the Hip
Rectus Femoris
Sartorius
Iliacus
Psoas Major
Extension of the Hip
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps Femoris
Gluteus Maximus
Abduction of the Hip
Piriformis
Gluteus Maximus
Adduction of the Hip
Adductor Magnus
Adductor Longus
Gracilis
Pectineus
Flexion of the Knee
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps Femoris
Gastrocnemius
Extension of the Knee
Rectus Femoris
Plantarflexion of the Ankle
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Peroneus Longus
Dorsiflexion of the Ankle
Tibialis Anterior
Inversion/Supination of the Foot
Tibialis Anterior
Eversion/Pronation of the Foot
Peroneus Longus
Phrenic Nerve
Diaphragm
Vagus Nerve
Heart
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis
Axillary Nerve
Deltoid Teres Minor
Radial Nerve
Triceps Brachii
Brachioradialis
Extensors of the Wrist
Ulnar Nerve
Flexors of the Wrist
Sciatic Nerve
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps Femoris
Median Nerve
Flexors of the Wrist
Femoral Nerve
Rectus Femoris
Sartorius
Iliacus
Obturator Nerve
Adductor Magnus
Adductor Longus
Gracilis
Superficial Peroneal Nerve
Peroneus Longus
Deep Peroneal Nerve
Tibialis Anterior
Tibial Nerve
Gastrocnemius
Soleus