Mayo Clinic Echo board review

Question 1

ASD + left axis deviation

Answer 1

Primum ASD

Question 2

Secundum ASD + AV conduction disease + family history + skeletal deformity

Answer 2

Holt Oram syndrome

Question 3

Primum ASD associated with

Answer 3

Mitral cleft
LVOT obstruction (MV is lower as now MV and TV are at the same level unlike ordinarily where the MV is higher; there can also be redundant tissue causing obstruction in the LVOT)

Question 4

What are the indications for ASD closure

Answer 4

If Qp:Qs > 1.5:1, left to right shunt with PVR <1/3 systemic, PASP <50% systemic, right heart enlargement and symptoms

Question 5

Diastolic flow reversal in the abdominal aorta can also be seen in

Answer 5

PDA

Question 6

MVP is defined as

Answer 6

displacement more than 2 mm above the mitral annular plane