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Dental Morph > maxillary and mandibular premolars > Flashcards

maxillary and mandibular premolars Flashcards

1
Q

what are the numbers of the right maxillary premolars?

A
  • 1st premolar = #5
  • 2nd premolar = #4
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2
Q

what are the numbers of the left maxillary premolars?

A
  • 1st premolar = #12
  • 2nd premolar = #13
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3
Q

how many cusps do the maxillary premolars have?

A

2 cusps
- lingual cusp = functional cusp
- buccal cusp = non-functional cusp

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4
Q

how many lobes do the maxillary premolars form form?

A
  • 3 buccal lobes
  • 1 lingual lobe
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5
Q

what is the groove called that serves as a demarcation between the buccal and lingual lobes?

A

central developmental groove

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6
Q

for the maxillary first premolar, which cusp arm is longer?

A
  • mesial cusp arm longer and straighter
  • distal cus arm shorter and more curved
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7
Q

where is the buccal height of contour for a maxillary 1st premolar?

A

cervical 1/3

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8
Q

where is the mesial contact located for a maxillary 1st premolar?

A

middle 1/3

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9
Q

where is the distal contact located for a maxillary 1st premolar?

A

middle 1/3 (more cervical than mesial contact)

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10
Q

the middle buccal lobe on a maxillary 1st premolar forms what structure?

A

buccal ridge

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11
Q

when viewed from the lingual, the lingual cusp is 1mm _____ and more pointed than the buccal cusp for a maxillary 1st premolar

A

shorter

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12
Q

for a maxillary 1st premolar, the mesiolingual arm is ______ than the distolingual cusp arm

A

shorter (OPPOSITE of the buccal cusp)

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13
Q

where is the lingual height of contour for a maxillary 1st premolar?

A

middle 1/3

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14
Q

what do the maxillary 1st premolars have that the maxillary 2nd premolars do not?

A

mesial developmental depression/ concavity

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15
Q

how many roots do maxillary 1st premolars typically have?

A

2 roots - buccal and lingual (50% of the time)

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16
Q

what is the relationship between the lengths of the mesiobuccal and distobuccal cusp ridges?

A

mesiobuccal cusp ridge is LONGER than the distobuccal cusp ridge

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17
Q

what is the relationship between the lengths of the mesiolingual and distolingual cusp ridges?

A

mesiolingual cusp ridge is SHORTER than the distolingual cusp ridge

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17
Q

where does the bifurcation typically occur at for a maxillary 1st premolar?

A

1/2 - 2/3 length of root

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17
Q

what is the term for a prominent elevation, triangular in cross section, which extends form the tip of a cusp towards the central portion of the occlusal surface of a tooth (maxillary 1st premolar)?

A

triangular ridge

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18
Q

how many pulp horns and pulp canals does a maxillary 1st premolar have?

A

2 pulp horns and 2 pulp canals

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19
Q

compared to the 1st maxillary premolar, the maxillary 2nd premolar is ______ and more ______

A

smaller and more rounded

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20
Q

for a maxillary 2nd premolar, the mesiobuccal cusp ridge is ______ than the distobuccal cusp ridge

A

shorter

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21
Q

for a maxillary 2nd premolar, the lingual cusp is _______ than the lingual cusp of the 1st premolar

A

longer

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22
Q

where is the mesial contact located for a maxillary 2nd premolar?

A

middle 1/3 (slightly offset to the buccal)

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23
Q

where is the distal contact located for a maxillary 2nd premolar?

A

middle 1/3 (offset to the buccal)

24
Q

for a maxillary 2nd premolar, the mesial and marginal ridges are ______ compared to the maxillary 1st premolar

A

wider

25
Q

how many roots does a maxillary 2nd premolar typically have?

A

1 root

26
Q

where are the heights of contour for a maxillary second premolar?

A
  • mesial = middle 1/3
  • distal = middle 1/3
  • buccal = cervical 1/3
  • lingual = middle 1/3
27
Q

between the two maxillary premolars, which one is larger overall?

A

1st premolar larger overall

28
Q

what are the numbers of the right mandibular premolars?

A
  • 1st premolar = 28
  • 2nd premolar = 29
29
Q

what are the numbers of the left mandibular premolars?

A
  • 1st premolar = 20
  • 2nd premolar = 21
30
Q

how many lobes does a mandibular 1st premolar develop from?

A

4 lobes (3 facial and 1 lingual)

31
Q

how many lobes does a mandibular 2nd premolar develop from?

A

4 or 5 lobes (3 facial and 1 or 2 lingual)

32
Q

on a mandibular 1st premolar, the mesial slope of the buccal cusp is ______ than the distal slope of the buccal cusp

A

shorter (opposite of maxillary 1st premolar)

33
Q

where are the mesial and distal heights of contour on a mandibular 1st premolar?

A

middle 1/3

34
Q

what direction does the root of a mandibular 1st premolar taper towards?

A

lingual

35
Q

what characteristic of a mandibular 1st premolar demarcates the lingual lobe from the mesiobuccal lobe and separates the mesial marginal ridge from the lingual cusp?

A

mesiolingual developmental groove

36
Q

what cusp/pulp horn of a mandibular 1st premolar is most at risk during operative procedures?

A

buccal cusp/ pulp horn

37
Q

from the mesial view, what shape is the mandibular 1st premolar?

A

rhomboidal

38
Q

where is the buccal cusp tip centered on a mandibular 1st premolar?

A

centered over the midline of the root

39
Q

where is the buccal height of contour for a mandibular 1st premolar?

A

junction of the middle and cervical 1/3

40
Q

where is the lingual height of contour for a mandibular 1st premolar?

A

middle 1/3 (lingual to the outline of the root - overhangs root trunk)

41
Q

what ridge slopes cervically from the buccal to lingual on a mandibular 1st premolar?

A

mesial marginal ridge

42
Q

what groove separates the mesiobuccal lobe from the lingual lobe on a mandibular 1st premolar?

A

mesiolingual developmental groove

43
Q

what developmental groove is present on the mesial surface of a mandibular 1st premolar?

A

deep developmental depression-groove

44
Q

on a mandibular 1st premolar, which marginal ridge is higher (distal or mesial)?

A

distal marginal is higher above the CEJ than the mesial marginal ridge
NOTE - ONLY TOOTH IN WHICH THE MESIAL MARGINAL RIDGE IS AT A LOWER LEVEL THAN THE DISTAL MARGINAL RIDGE

45
Q

where is the distal height of contour located for a mandibular 1st premolar?

A

in middle 1/3

46
Q

when viewed from the occlusal surface, the mesiobuccal cusp ridge is _______ than the distobuccal cusp ridge for a mandibular 1st premolar

A

shorter

47
Q

the mesial and distal contacts are centered _______ for a mandibular 1st premolar

A

buccolingually

48
Q

for a mandibular 1st premolar, the bucal and lingual triangular ridges joined together to form a single ridge called the __________

A

transverse ridge

49
Q

relationship between the buccal and lingual triangular ridge

A

buccal triangular ridge > lingual triangular ridge

50
Q

what structure of a mandibular 1st premolar separates the mesial occlusal fossa from the distal occlusal fossa?

A

transverse ridge

51
Q

what structure of a mandibular 1st premolar separates the mesial marginal ridge from the lingual cusp?

A

mesiolingual developmental groove

52
Q

how many roots does a mandibular 1st premolar have and in what direction does it curve?

A

1 root (may be bifurcated - rare)
curves distally

53
Q

what are the 2 types of mandibular 2nd premolars?

A

three cusp type (5 lobes) or two cusp types (4 lobes)

54
Q

a mandibular 2nd premolar resembles a mandibular 1st premolar however the buccal cusp is ______ and less _______

A

shorter and less pointed

55
Q

on a mandibular 2nd premolar (3 cusp type), the two lingual cusps (mesiolingual and distolingual cusps) are separated by a groove (what is the groove called)?

A

lingual groove

56
Q

a mandibular 2nd premolar has a present mesiolingual developmental groove (true or false)

A

false

57
Q

the distal marginal ridge of a mandibular 2nd premolar is at a lower level thus more of the ______ surface is visible from the distal view

A

occlusal

58
Q

for the three cusp type mandibular 2nd premolar, what is the relationship of sizes between the cusps?

A

buccal > mesiolingual > distolingual

59
Q

what is the “shape” of a 3 cusp type mandibular 2nd premolar?

A

Y shape

60
Q

what is the “shape” of a 2 cusp type mandibular 2nd premolar?

A

H or U shape

Dental Morph (8 decks)

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