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Religion - S2 > Matters Of Life And Death > Flashcards

Matters Of Life And Death Flashcards

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1
Q

What is abortion?

A

Abortion is the deliberate termination of an unborn body usually through a medical procedure

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2
Q

What is the definition of conception?

A

When the embryo begins fertilisation

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3
Q

What is the definition of Implantation?

A

When an embryo implants into the wall of the uterus at around day 7

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4
Q

What is the definition of the viability of the foetus?

A

How close the foetus is too be considered life and can survive on its own

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5
Q

Name two pro-life groups?

A

The society for the protection of unborn children (SPUC)
LIFE
Precious Life

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5
Q

What is the law on abortion in Northern Ireland?

A
  • Abortion is available up to 24 weeks and over in certain circumstances
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6
Q

What is the law on abortion in Ireland?

A
  • Permitted during the first twelve weeks of pregnancy, and late in cases where the woman’s life is in danger
  • Regulated by the 2018 Health Act
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7
Q

What is the law on abortion in United Kingdom?

A
  • Allowed for the first 24 weeks, initially 28 weeks, allowed after if the mother’s life is at risk
  • Regulated by the Abortion Act 1967 and amended by the human fertilisation and embryology act 1990
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8
Q

What are the father’s right for abortion?

A

The father has no rights when their partner wants an abortion

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9
Q

Reasons for abortion?

A

Pro choice reasons:

  • Finance - Rape - The mother may die during birth
  • Age - Toxic
  • Disability - Inconvenience
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10
Q

Reasons against abortion?

A

Pro life reasons:

  • Lack of Responsibility - Accessibility
  • Inhumane/Life is Sacred - Adoption
  • Hippocratic Oath - Religious Reasons
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11
Q

What are some biblical verses on supporting life?

A

Genesis 1:27

27 So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them.

  Jeremiah 1:5

5 “Before I formed you in the womb I knew you, and before you were born I consecrated you; I appointed you a prophet to the nations.”

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12
Q

What are the Catholic Churches views on abortion?

A
  • The direct and voluntary killing of an innocent human being is always gravely immoral
  • From the moment of its conception life must be regarded with the greatest care while while abortion & infanticide are unspeakable crimes.
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13
Q

What are the Presbyterian Churches views on abortion?

A
  • From his earliest days in the womb, the unborn child is fully human made in the image of God
  • Abortion is justified when the Mother’s life is in danger but not when the child has a life limiting condition
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14
Q

What are the Methodist Churches views on abortion?

A
  • Abortion on demand is wrong, the foetus is not just an appendage of the mother’s body
  • Permissible if: The mother’s life is at risk, incest, rape, if the baby is incapable f survival
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15
Q

What are the Anglican Churches views on abortion?

A
  • The Lambeth conference 1958 states Christians reject the practice of induced abortion
  • They have stated we do not need to condemn those who get abortions but support them spiritually, emotionally and physically.
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16
Q

What are alternatives to abortion?

A

Keeping the Baby
Adoption
Fostering

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17
Q

Explain this alternative to abortion - Keeping the Baby

A
  • Government support is available
  • Extended family often offer plenty of support
  • Religious faith suggest the baby is a gift from God
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18
Q

Explain this alternative to abortion - Adoption

A
  • Someone else becomes the child’s legal parent
  • The biological mother has given up all her rights
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19
Q

Explain this alternative to abortion - Fostering

A
  • Temporary and paid care
  • Can be few days or multiple years
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20
Q

Why is abortion a controversial issue?

A
  • When life begins
  • The viability of the foetus
  • The rights of the father
  • Reasons for abortion
  • Prioritising the mother’s life over the child
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20
Q

Why do Christians argue that a foetus is a real person?

A
  • The foetus has a heartbeat
  • Christians believe life begins at conception
  • Premature babies can survive outside the womb
  • Christians say it is inhumane
21
Q

What is Active Euthanasia?

A

Directly an deliberately causing the patient’s death, giving a lethal injection

22
Q

What is Passive Euthanasia?

A

Withdrawing or withholding medical treatment to deliberately allow a patient to die

23
Q

What is Voluntary Euthanasia?

A

When euthanasia is carried out at the request of the patient

24
Q

What is Involuntary Euthanasia?

A

The person wants to live but is killed anyway, usually seen as murder

25
Q

Non-Voluntary Euthanasia?

A

The person cannot make a decision or cannot make their wishes known regarding euthanasia, and someone makes it on their behalf

26
Q

Arguments for Euthanasia?

A
  • Someone is suffering from an incurable and terminal disease
  • Person has no quality of life
  • Very demanding on family and is in constant need of carers
  • Only kept alive by a machine
  • Wants to die by their own choice and with dignity
  • Suicide is already legal by the suicide act 1961
27
Q

Arguments against Euthanasia?

A
  • Commandment: Thou shall not kill
  • All human life is sacred and shall be respected
  • Jesus treated the sick with love and respect
  • Society may change and urge elderly towards euthanasia
  • May decrease benefits for the sick and elderly
  • Devalues Hippocratic oath
28
Q

What is a charity that supports euthanasia?

A

Dignity in Dying

29
Q

What is countries support euthanasia?

A

Switzerland and Belgium

30
Q

What are Dangers of legalising Euthanasia?

A
  • It may make older and more vulnerable people feel pressurised into requesting euthanasia as they feel that they are a burden on their families and on society.
  • Legalised voluntary euthanasia could lead to the ‘slippery slope’ and involuntary and non-voluntary euthanasia could become common practice as has been reported in other countries which have legalised euthanasia.

-Legalised euthanasia could open the door to assisted suicide whereby people who do not have a terminal illness ask doctors to assist with their death.

  • Teaching from many Christian Churches appears to be consistent with this point of view.
31
Q

What is biblical teaching on Euthanasia?

A

Judges 9:52-55
Abimelech asks to be put to death to not be killed by a women. The idea that euthanasia is an acceptable practice is not considered.

32
Q

Advantages of suffering?

A
  • Empathy and resilience
  • Helps you grow
  • Coping mechanisms and strength
  • Perseverance
33
Q

Disadvantages of suffering?

A
  • Mental Illness
  • Physical Illness
34
Q

What are the Presbyterian churches view on Euthanasia?

A
  • Strongly oppose any legislation which allows assisted suicide or euthanasia, they highlight the need to support research into pain relief.
34
Q

What are the Church or Irelands view on Euthanasia?

A
  • Acknowledges pain and suffering however the focus is helping others to live rather than die
35
Q

What are the Catholic Churches view on Euthanasia?

A
  • No one can permit the killing of an innocent human being, it is a question of the divine law, and offence against the dignity of a human person. A crime against life and an attack on humanity.
36
Q

What is the Sanctity of Life?

A
  • The word sanctity means holy
  • Life is a gift from God
  • God created life and only he can take it away
  • Human life should never be sacrificed
36
Q

What are the Aims of the Hospice?

A
  • Support of the patient and family
  • Listen to the patients/families concerns
  • Emotional care before, during and after death
  • Pain relief through drugs, medication and massages
  • Educate to better care for the dying
37
Q

What is palliative care?

A

When the pain is controlled by drugs when a dying person has a terminal illness. (Physical, Spiritual and Emotional Care)

Used in hospices and good palliative care makes euthanasia unnecessary

38
Q

What is capital punishment?

A

Capital punishment is the practice of executing someone for a serious crime e.g. Murder. It is legally authorized.

39
Q

Where is it the death penalty legal and is it legal in the UK?

A

In the UK it was legal up until 1965.

Legal and used in Iran, Pakistan, China, USA

40
Q

What are the methods of carrying out capital punishment?

A

Methods:
* Beheading
* Electrocution
* Hanging
* Lethal Injection
* Shooting in the back of the head by a firing squad

41
Q

What is biblical teaching on the death penalty?
Old Testament

A

Genesis 9:3-6:
‘Human Beings were made like God, so whoever murders one of them will be killed by someone else.”

Exodus 21:23-24 ‘the Punishment will be eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth…’

42
Q

What is biblical teaching on the death penalty?
New Testament

A

Jesus changes the teaching in the NT, he taught that Christians should not look for revenge: ‘if anyone slaps you on the right cheek, let him slap you on the left cheek too.’

43
Q

What are the churches teachings on the death penalty?

A

Catholic Church - Against the death penalty but accepts it in certain circumstance

C.0.I - Agrees with the death penalty

Presbyterian and Methodist church - Oppose the death penalty

44
Q

What parables relate to the death penalty?

A

Parable of the lost son - No matter the crime we should forgive and rehabilitate

The parable of the unmerciful son -We should be given the opportunity to be forgiven and should also offer forgiveness

44
Q

Arguments for Capital punishment?

A
  • only fair punishment for murderers.
  • ‘an eye for an eye’
  • The Catechism of the Catholic Church agrees in extreme cases
  • Justice is important to Christians and if someone has planned to kill in a very callous way and shows no remorse
45
Q

Arguments against Capital punishment?

A
  • N.T - “Turn the other cheek”
  • Inhumane and devalues the sanctity of life
  • Made in the image of God and Human life is sacred
  • A life sentence gives you a chance for rehabilitation
  • Crucifixion and hanging cause mental and physical suffering
46
Q

What are other forms of punishment?

A
  • Life sentence
  • Solitary Confinement
  • Insane Asylum
47
Q

What are types of punishment?

A
  • Deterrent
  • Protection
  • Reform
  • Vindication
    -Revenge
  • Repayment
48
Q

What are thee aims of punishment?

A
  • Community Service
  • Execution
  • Suspended Sentence
  • Probation / House Arrest

Religion - S2 (2 decks)

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