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Philosophy and Ethics > Matters Of Life > Flashcards

Matters Of Life Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the two types of morality

A

Absolute- a person has a principle and does not move from it.
Relative- a person has a principle but will adapt in certain situations.

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2
Q

Define sanctity of life

A

God creates life,it has evolved but he takes responsibility. No person should damage or destroy life.

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3
Q

Define value of life

A

Some people- is the money being spent on a person worth the cost?
Others- is life more valuable than money?

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4
Q

Define quality of life

A

A person who is able to live with freedom, dignity and (for believers) a chance to experience God has a good quality of life.

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5
Q

Who was the first baby born through IVF and when?

A

Louise Brown 1978

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6
Q

Define surrogacy.

A

When a woman is unable to have a baby so another woman carries it for her. This can be by the woman’s egg or the surrogates egg along with the husbands sperm or a donors sperm.

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7
Q

What happens after a baby is born to a surrogate?

A

The baby is handed to the couple. After the child is born the father will put his name on the birth certificate with the mother. After 6 weeks the couple can apply for Parental Order and the surrogate mother looses all rights she had in the first 6 weeks.

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8
Q

What is AIH and AID?

A

Artificial Insemination by Husband and Artificial Insemination by Donor. Sperm collected by masturbation is inserted into the vagina.

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9
Q

Why are less men inclined to donate their sperm?

A

The child can find out their biological parent when the turn 18.

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10
Q

Why do some people disagree with Artificial Insemination? (7 points)

A
  • Involves masturbation -Catholics ‘spills the seed’
  • Adulatory
  • Allows single unmarried women to have children
  • Allows gay couples to bring up a child in a single sex home
  • May upset the child to find out the father who brought them up is not their father
  • Donor might not want their identity revealed
  • Against Gods will ‘wrong people’ could have a child
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11
Q

Why do people agree with Artificial Insemination? (3 points)

A
  • Everybody has the right to being a parent
  • High chance the child would be loved because the parents have tried so hard
  • God gave humans the ability to develop IVF
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12
Q

What are the issues related to a child born through Artificial Insemination?(3 points)

A
  • When’s best to tell them?
  • They may react badly/ feel differently
  • If AID was used they may want to find their biological father
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13
Q

What types of morality are there? (2 marks)

A

Absolute morality and Relative morality

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14
Q

Define transplant surgery

A

Replacing a faulty organ with a healthy one taken from a donor usually shortly after death.

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15
Q

What can be donated by live donors?

A

Kidneys, bone marrow, part of a liver, small bowel and pancreas.

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16
Q

When was the first kidney transplant?

A

1954

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17
Q

Where was the first heart transplant and who carried it out?

A

South Africa by Christian Barnard

18
Q

What have been developed to stop the body from rejecting new organs?

A

New drugs

19
Q

What is a donor card and what happens after death if you have one?

A

It is a card saying you are happy for your organs to be transplanted after death. However, after death the next of kin also have to give permission for their family members organs to be given away.

20
Q

What religion especially disagrees with pig valves being used as transplants?

A

Islam

21
Q

Why would some people not want to donate their organs?

A

They don’t won’t to be buried ‘incomplete’ and also they may want all of their body in the afterlife.

22
Q

What religion disagrees with blood transfusions and why?

A

Jehovah’s witnesses because they believe that life is carried in the blood therefore to take someone’s blood would be like cannibalism

23
Q

What is embryology?

A

The study of fertilised human eggs up to 14 days

24
Q

What are designer babies?

A

When a parent could choose the sex, hair colour, intelligence of a baby.

25
Q

Are designer babies legal?

A

No they are possible but not legal.

26
Q

Why do scientists agree with genetic engineering?

A

It allows them to work on human embryos to find cures for illnesses and then implant the embryo with no faulty genes into the mother.

27
Q

What is wrong with genetic engineering?

A

Some religious believers say it encourages scientists to take on the role of God. Plus the unused embryos are destroyed therefore wasting potential human life.

28
Q

What religious believers do not support embryology?

A

Catholics because for them life begins at conception.

29
Q

What are saviour siblings?

A

A child born through IVF to donate stem cells from bone marrow or the umbilical cord to save a sick sibling.

30
Q

What are the two types of cloning?

A

Reproductive cloning.

Therapeutic cloning.

31
Q

What is reproductive cloning?

A

Creating an identical copy of an organism.

32
Q

What can be cloned reproductively?

A

Plants, humans and animals. E.g. Dolly the sheep 1996. However, legally humans cannot be cloned.

33
Q

What is therapeutic cloning?

A

The cloning of cells with the aim to produce embryos so stem cells can be taken and used to find treatments for diseases. After 14 days the embryos are destroyed.

34
Q

Describe arguments for cloning.

A

Cloning helps embryonic research helping sick and infertile people.
Improves quality of life.
People have the right to choose and free will is God given.
God inspires new technology to benefit man kind.
It is against nature.
Leftover embryos are disposed off wasting potential life.
May encourage scientists to go too far.
A cloned person may not have a soul.

35
Q

At Newcastle University human-cow embryos were produce to cure what disease?

A

Parkinson’s as human-animal cloning.

36
Q

What are religious views on human-animal cloning?

A

It is against nature and God’s will.

37
Q

What is human experimentation?

A

When new drugs or cosmetics are tested on human volunteers because animals have a different genetic makeup.

38
Q

What happened in a 2009 drug test to 6 men?

A

In London 6 men were testing a new drug. The drug caused multiple organ failure and although the men survived they are permanently injured.

39
Q

When does life begin according to Catholics?

A

At conception.

40
Q

What points are considered to be when life begins?

A

Conception.
14 days when the embryo attaches to the womb.
3 weeks when the heart begins to beat.

Philosophy and Ethics (8 decks)

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