matter vocabulary Flashcards
alloy
a homogeneous mixture of metals, or a mixture of a metal and a non-metal in which the metal is the major component.
brittleness
a material’s ability to absorb energy before fracturing.
chemical change
any change that results in the formation of a new chemical substance.
chemical property
a characteristic of a substance that’s observed during a chemical reaction.
chromatography
parts of a mixture are separated based on the ability of each dissolved component to travel through materials at different speeds.
combustibility
occurs when a material catches fire at a temperature above 43 degrees celcius.
condensation
the phase change that occurs when water vapor cools down to form liquid water.
crystallization
the separation of a pure solid substance from a solution containing the dissolved substance.
condensation point
the temperature at which a gas turns into a liquid at standard pressure.
density
the amount of mass per unit volume.
deposition
when a gas changes directly into a solid without going through the liquid phase.
distillation
the process that separates homogenous mixtures based on the different boiling points of the substances.
enthalpy
the amount of heat in a system at constant pressure.
evaporation
occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into a gas.
filtration
a physical process used to separate solids from liquids by passing them through a barrier.
flammability
occurs when a material catches fire at a temperature below 43 degrees celcius.
freezing
when a liquid turns into a solid
freezing point
the point where a liquid turns into a solid
heterogeneous mixture
a combination of two or more substances in which the original substances are separated into physical distinct regions.
homogeneous mixture
a combination of two or more substances that have uniform composition and chemical properties throughout; also known as a solution.
intermolecular force
any force that can hold and reflect particles
malleability
how readily a materials shape can be changed
matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
melting
when a solid turns into a liquid
melting point
the point at which a solid turns into a liquid
mixture
a combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties.
phase change
a special type of physical change in which a substance transitions among the states of matter, solid, liquid, and gas, but the chemical properties of the substance remain the same.
physical change
a change which alters a substance without altering its composition.
physical property
a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical makeup of a substance. Types include color, odor, texture, boiling point, melting point, and density
reactivity
the relative ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction.
solution
a combination of two or more substances that have uniform composition and chemical properties throughout; also known as a homogeneous mixture.
sublimation
when a solid transistions into a gas without going through the liquid phase.
temperature
a measure of the random kinetic energy in a sample of matter.
vaporization
the phase change from liquid to gas
