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Chemistry > Matter Test > Flashcards

Matter Test Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

anything that has mass and takes up space

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2
Q

How do we classify matter?

A

Qualitative, quantitative

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3
Q

Qualitative

A

classifying matter according to physical appearance

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4
Q

Examples of qualitative observation

A

taste, smell, phase, texture

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5
Q

Quantitative

A

classifying matter with any numerical information

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6
Q

Examples of quantitative observations

A

height, mass, volume

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7
Q

Pure substances

A

fixed composition and properties

composed of 1 kind of atom/molecule

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8
Q

Types of pure substances

A

element and compound

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9
Q

Element

A

simplest form of matter

cannot be broken down into smaller substances

composed of 1 kind of atom

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10
Q

Examples of Elements

A

iron, sodium, hydrogen

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11
Q

Compound

A

chemical composition in a fixed proportion

have unique properties

1 kind of molecule

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12
Q

Examples of compounds

A

water, salt, carbon dioxide

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13
Q

Mixture

A

no chemical reaction

physical combination of 2 or more pure substances

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14
Q

Types of mixtures

A

homogeneous and heterogeneous

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15
Q

Homogeneous mixture

A

particles have similar composition

small and evenly distributed

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16
Q

Types of homogeneous mixtures

A

alloys and solutions

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17
Q

Alloy

A

solutions of metals

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18
Q

Example of alloy

A

brass, bronze, steel

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19
Q

Solution

A

typically involve a solute and a solvent

the solute dissolves in the solvent

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20
Q

Examples of solutions

A

sugar water, tea, soda, saline solution

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21
Q

Heterogeneous Mixture

A

particles have different composition

particles are different sizes and unevenly distributed

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22
Q

Types of heterogenous mixtures

A

Suspensions and colloids

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23
Q

Suspension

A

visibly not mixed

particles form layers and separate out

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24
Q

Colloid

A

particles are in different phases

layers not visible

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25
Q

Examples of colloids

A

smoke, air, dairy products

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26
Q

Physical property

A

properties that describe the look or feel of a substance

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27
Q

Examples of physical properties

A

color, hardness, density, texture, phase

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28
Q

Physical change

A

substance changes its phase or some other physical property but not its chemical compostion

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29
Q

Example of physical change

A

liquid water to ice

30
Q

Chemical property

A

Those that characterize the ability of a substance to react with other substances or to transform from one substance to another

31
Q

Example of chemical property

A

methane has the chemical property to react with oxygen and form CO2, water, and heat energy

32
Q

Chemical change

A

any change in a substance that involves a rearrangement of the way atoms are bonded

33
Q

Reacting

A

materials said to be undergoing a chemical change

34
Q

Chemical reaction

A

materials undergoing a chemical change

35
Q

What happens in a chemical reaction?

A

new materials are formed by a change in the way atoms are bonded together

36
Q

How to tell if its a physical change?

A

Change in appearance is the result of a new set of conditions on the same material

37
Q

How to tell if its a chemical change?

A

change in appearance is the result of the formation of a new material that has its own set of physical properties

38
Q

Methods for separating a homogenous mixture

A

Distillation
Crystallization
Chromatography

39
Q

Distillation

A

the process of heating a liquid mixture to form a vapor and then cooling that vapor to get a liquid

40
Q

Why is distillation used (other than to separate)

A

Purifies a liquid by separating the components of the liquid mixture

41
Q

Crystallization

A

produces solids of high purity

42
Q

What does distillation use to separate?

A

Different boiling points

43
Q

Example of crystallization

A

Evaporating seawater leaves salt behind

44
Q

Chromatography

A

passing a mixture through the stationary phase

some of the molecules will remain at the stationary phase as others move along

45
Q

Mobile phase of chromatography

A

pushes the mixture through the stationary phase

46
Q

Separating a heterogeneous mixture

A

Centrifugation, filtration, (decanting?)

47
Q

Specific heat capacity

A

the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celcius

48
Q

Joules

A

the quantity of heat

49
Q

Specific heat capacity of water

A

4.18 j/gºc

50
Q

Specific heat capacity of ice

A

2.03 j/gºc

51
Q

Heat energy

A

the energy needed to raise a certain amount of material from one temperature to another

52
Q

Four states of matter

A

solid, liquid, gas, plasma

53
Q

How do we classify a state of matter?

A

Particle arrangement

Energy of particles

Distance between particles

54
Q

Kinetic theory of matter

A

Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion

55
Q

Particles of solids

A

tightly packed

vibrating about a fixed position

56
Q

Solid’s shape and volume

A

have a definite shape and a definite volume

57
Q

What happens when a solid is heated?

A

Particles move fast, change into a liquid

58
Q

Particles of liquid

A

tightly packed

far enough apart to slide over one another

59
Q

Liquid’s shape and volume

A

Indefinite shape

definite volume

60
Q

Particles of gas

A

very far apart

move freely

61
Q

Gas’s shape and volume

A

indefinite shape

indefinite volume

62
Q

Melting

A

solid to liquid

heat goes into the solid as it melts

63
Q

Freezing

A

liquid to solid

heat leaves the liquid as it freezes

64
Q

Vaporization

A

liquid to gas

heat goes into liquid as it vaporizes

65
Q

Types of vaporization

A

boiling

evaporating

66
Q

Condensation

A

gas to liquid

heat leaves the gas as it condenses

67
Q

Sublimation

A

solid to gas

heat goes into the solid as it sublimates

68
Q

Plasma

A

ionized gas

Electrically charged

very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields

69
Q

Shape and volume of plasma

A

indefinite shape

indefintie volume

70
Q

What is the common state of matter?

71
Q

Where is plasma found?

A

flames, lightning, aurora (northern lights)

72
Q

What is the Sun an example of?

A

Sun is a star in its plasma state

Chemistry (6 decks)

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