Matter P1 Flashcards
What did Thompsons plum pudding model show
Positive middle full of negative electron’s
What did Bohr’s model add
It added shells for electron’s
What did Rutherford discover
Using alpha particles (positive) he saw they deflected of the nucleus meaning it must be positive
Mass and charge of proton neutron and electron
P=m 1 c +1
N=m 1 c 0
E=m 1/2000 c-1
What’s the typical size of an atom
1x10-10
What’s the equation for density
Density = mass / volume
Kg/M3 = kg / m3
Describe how to find the density of an irregular object
First use an electronic balance to get the mass
Second use a measuring cylinder and note the volume change
Use these to do density= mass / volume
Describe how to find the density of a liquid
First find the mass of a measuring cylinder using an electronic balance
Second put the liquid in the cylinder and take the mass
Then subtract the mass of the cylinder by the mass of cylinder and liquid to get the liquids mass
The measuring cylinder will tell you the volume
Use these to do density = mass / volume
Explain the arrangements of solids
Particles are arranged in a regular fixed pattern
Particles are packed close together
Very strong forces of attraction between particles
Particles vibrate about their fixed positions
Very difficult to compress
There shape stays the same
Volume is fixed
They can’t flow
Density is high
Explain the arrangements of liquids
Particles are packed but disorderly
Particles are close but not as close as solids
Some forces between particles
Particles can change positions
Very difficult to compress
Takes the shape of the container
Volume is fixed
Can flow
Density is medium
Explain the arrangements of a gas
Particles are spread far apart randomly
Almost zero forces between particles
Particles move freely and randomly at high speeds
Easy to compress
They take the shape of the entire container
They can flow
They have a low density
What’s the name of each change of state
Melting, boiling, condensation, freezing
How is a change of state shown in a heating/cooling graph
Horizontal lines show change of state
What do the diagonal lines on a heating/cooling graph show
They show the increase of temperature and increase of energy
What’s the difference between chemical and physical changes
Chemical is hard to reverse eg: cooking an egg
Physical is easy to reverse eg: melting ice
What is SHC
The amount of energy needed to change the temperature by 1 degree of a substance of 1kg
What is SLH
The amount of energy needed to change state of a substance of 1kg WITH NO CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE
What is SLH of fusion
Energy needed for change of state from solid to liquid
What is SLH of vaporisation
Energy needed to change of state from liquid to gas
Describe an experiment you could use to find the SHC of an aluminium block
Find the mass of the block using an electronic balance and put a thermometer to the block and record the start temperature.
Connect an ammeter in series and a voltmeter in parallel with immersion heater. Connect a power supply and turn the circuit on and start the stopwatch.
After 5 mins turn the circuit off and record the final temperature of the block.
ENERGY=CURRENT X TIME X PD
SHC = ENERGY / (MASS X CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE)
What’s the equation for pressure
PRESSURE = FORCE/ AREA
How to work out speed
Distance / time
