Matter P1

Question 1

What did Thompsons plum pudding model show

Answer 1

Positive middle full of negative electron’s

Question 2

What did Bohr’s model add

Answer 2

It added shells for electron’s

Question 3

What did Rutherford discover

Answer 3

Using alpha particles (positive) he saw they deflected of the nucleus meaning it must be positive

Question 4

Mass and charge of proton neutron and electron

Answer 4

P=m 1 c +1
N=m 1 c 0
E=m 1/2000 c-1

Question 5

What’s the typical size of an atom

Answer 5

1x10-10

Question 6

What’s the equation for density

Answer 6

Density = mass / volume
Kg/M3 = kg / m3

Question 7

Describe how to find the density of an irregular object

Answer 7

First use an electronic balance to get the mass
Second use a measuring cylinder and note the volume change
Use these to do density= mass / volume

Question 8

Describe how to find the density of a liquid

Answer 8

First find the mass of a measuring cylinder using an electronic balance
Second put the liquid in the cylinder and take the mass
Then subtract the mass of the cylinder by the mass of cylinder and liquid to get the liquids mass
The measuring cylinder will tell you the volume
Use these to do density = mass / volume

Question 9

Explain the arrangements of solids

Answer 9

Particles are arranged in a regular fixed pattern
Particles are packed close together
Very strong forces of attraction between particles
Particles vibrate about their fixed positions
Very difficult to compress
There shape stays the same
Volume is fixed
They can’t flow
Density is high

Question 10

Explain the arrangements of liquids

Answer 10

Particles are packed but disorderly
Particles are close but not as close as solids
Some forces between particles
Particles can change positions
Very difficult to compress
Takes the shape of the container
Volume is fixed
Can flow
Density is medium

Question 11

Explain the arrangements of a gas

Answer 11

Particles are spread far apart randomly
Almost zero forces between particles
Particles move freely and randomly at high speeds
Easy to compress
They take the shape of the entire container
They can flow
They have a low density

Question 12

What’s the name of each change of state

Answer 12

Melting, boiling, condensation, freezing

Question 13

How is a change of state shown in a heating/cooling graph

Answer 13

Horizontal lines show change of state

Question 14

What do the diagonal lines on a heating/cooling graph show

Answer 14

They show the increase of temperature and increase of energy

Question 15

What’s the difference between chemical and physical changes

Answer 15

Chemical is hard to reverse eg: cooking an egg
Physical is easy to reverse eg: melting ice

Question 16

What is SHC

Answer 16

The amount of energy needed to change the temperature by 1 degree of a substance of 1kg

Question 17

What is SLH

Answer 17

The amount of energy needed to change state of a substance of 1kg WITH NO CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE

Question 18

What is SLH of fusion

Answer 18

Energy needed for change of state from solid to liquid

Question 19

What is SLH of vaporisation

Answer 19

Energy needed to change of state from liquid to gas

Question 20

Describe an experiment you could use to find the SHC of an aluminium block

Answer 20

Find the mass of the block using an electronic balance and put a thermometer to the block and record the start temperature.
Connect an ammeter in series and a voltmeter in parallel with immersion heater. Connect a power supply and turn the circuit on and start the stopwatch.
After 5 mins turn the circuit off and record the final temperature of the block.
ENERGY=CURRENT X TIME X PD
SHC = ENERGY / (MASS X CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE)

Question 21

What’s the equation for pressure

Answer 21

PRESSURE = FORCE/ AREA

Question 22

How to work out speed

Answer 22

Distance / time