Matter in our surroundins Flashcards
Types of matter
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gases
- Plasma
- Bose Einstein Condensate
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What is the physical nature of matter?
Matter is made up of very small particles.
Matter is made of particles- salt/sugar mixed in water.
Small - Potassium permangenate
What are the characteristics of matter?
- Particles of matter have spaces between them. -
- Particles of matter are continuously moving - eg- diffusion. diffusion is proportional to temprature
- Particles of matter attract each other.- particles of matter have force
acting between them. This force keeps the particles together
What are the states of matter?
Solid, Liquid and Gas are the states of matter.
What are solids and state its properties?
Solid State.
1. The space between the particles is very less.
2. THe force of attraction between the particles is strong. Thus the particles are closely packed
3. The kinetic energy of the particles are very less and so solids have an orderly arrangment of the particles. SOlids have fixed size, shape and volume.
4. Solids cannot be compressed.
State the properties of liquid.
- The space between the particles is slightly more compared to that of solids but they have still have far less space than gases. The particles of a liquid can slip over each other.
- The force of attraction between the particles is strong enough to hold the particles together but not enough to hold the particles in a fixed position.
- The kiinetic energy of a liquid is much highger compared to that of solids. The liquids have a more idorderly arrangment as compared to solids.
- Liquids do not have a fixed shape but have a fixed volume. They take the shape of any container they are poured in.
- Liquids cannot be compressed much. The compresibilty of liquid is almost negligible.
State the properties of gases.
- The particles are much farther apart from one another as compared to solids and liquids. THey have a very dirogerly arrangment as compared to solids and liquids.
- The ofrce of attraction between the particles is neglibgible. Hence gases can move around freely in all directions and can freely diffuse with other gases.
- They have extremely high kinetic energy thus these particles move with speeds in all direction and can exrt pressure on the walls of its container.
- Gases neither have a definiite shape or volume. THey fill the container completely.
- Gases can be compressed easily. examples- LPG-homes CNG- vehicles
How do aquatic animals survive?
All living creatures need to breathe oxygen for survival. Aquatic animals can breathe in water is due to oxygen being diffused into the water.
What happens when you increase the temprature of a solid?
On increasing the temprature of a solid, the kinetic energy of the particles increase.
As the kinetic energy increases, the particles will start to vibrate at greater speeds. The energy supplied from the heat will help to overcome the force of attraction between the particles.
The particles leave their fixed position and begin to move more freely and a stage is reached where the solid is converted into liquid.
What is melting point?
The minimum temprature at which a solid becomes a liquid at atmospheric pressure is called as melting point also known as fusion.
melting point of ice is 273.15 K
The melting point of a solid is an indication of the strength of the force of attraction between its particles.
What is Latent Heat?
The hidden heat which breaks the force of attraction between the molecules is known as the latent heat. Since, the heat energy is hidden in the bulk of the matter,
The word latent means hidden.
What is latent heat of fusion?
The heat energy required to convert 1 kilogram of a solid into liquid at
atmospheric pressure, at its melting point, is known as the latent heat of fusion
What is boiling point
The temprature at which a liquid starts boiling boiling and turns into gasis called boiling point.
Boiling is a bulk phenomenon
What is latent heat of vaporization?
The heat required to convert 1kg of liquid into gas at atomospheric pressure at its boiling point is called latent heat of vaporization.
Rough diagram of conversion (and where does which latent heat occur)
Latent heat of fusion Laten heat of vaportization
Solids ————————————> Liquids ———————————> Gases
Latent heat of solidification Latent heat of condensation
What is sublimination and what is depostion?
A change of state directly dfrom solid to gas without changing into liquid state is called sublimination.
A change of state directly from gas to solid without changing into liquid state is called as deposition.
How does pressure and temprature have an effect in changing the state of a substance
- As we increase the pressure on the substance, the particles are bought more closer to together and on lowering the temprature, the kinetic energy of the particles decrease which causes a change in state and vice versa.
- This method is used to liquefy gases.
- When C02 is put under high pressure and low temprature, it directly turns into a solid from gas without changing to it liquid state. Solid carbon dioxide is called as dry ice.
What is evaporation?
The process of conversion of a substance from the liquid state to the gaseous state at any temperature below its boiling point is called evaporation or vapourisation.
Evaporation is a surface phenomenon.
What are the factors affecting evaporation?
- An increase of surface area - evaporation in a surface phenomenon, this more the surface area more the rate of evaporation
- An increase of temprature - more particles get enough kinetic energy to turn into gaseous state (vapour)
- a decrease in humidity-
- an increase in wind speed:
How does evaporation cause cooling?
The particles of liquid absorb energy from the surrounding to regain the energy lost during evaporation. This absorption of energy from the surroundings make the surroundings cold.
eg- Nail remover on skin.
on hot day people sprinkle water on roof and open ground because large latent heat of vaportization will help to cool surface.
Why should we wear cotton clothes in
summer?
During summer, we perspire more because of the mechanism of our body which keeps us cool. We know that during evaporation, the particles at the surface of the liquid gain energy from the surroundings or body surface and change into vapour. The heat energy equal to the latent heat of vaporisation is absorbed from the body leaving the body cool. Cotton, being a good absorber of water helps in absorbing the sweat and exposing it to the atmosphere for easy evaporation
Difference between evaporation and boiling.
Evaporation
* It is a surface phenomenon.
* It is a slow process.
* It takes place at all temperatures but below the
boiling point.
Boiling
* It is a bulk phenomenon.
* It takes place at a definite and
constant temperature.
* It is a rapid process.
What is Plasma?
The state consists of super energetic and super excited particles. These particles are in the
form of ionized gases. The fluorescent tube and neon sign bulbs consist of plasma.
What are panch tatva?
air, earth, fire, sky and water.
What is BEC
BEC, Bose Einstein Condensate.
Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose made a study regarding the fifth state of matter.
Based on his study, Albert Einstein predicted a fifth state of matter called the Bose-Einstein Condensate. The Bose-Einstein Condensate or BEC is formed by cooling a gas of extremely low density to super low temperatures.
