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Matter & Energy > Matter & Energy > Flashcards

Matter & Energy Flashcards

1
Q

What are atoms?

A

The building blocks of matter.

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2
Q

What is matter?

A

Substantial, often invisible, material of the universe.

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3
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

The core of an atom. Contains most of the atom’s mass, and takes 1/10000 of an atom. Contains the protons and the neutrons.

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4
Q

What are electrons?

A

Lighter particles that move around the nucleus. Have a negative charge.

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5
Q

What are protons?

A

Positive charge, 2000 times bigger than electron.

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6
Q

What are neutrons?

A

Have no charge, and are same size as protons.

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7
Q

Do positive and negative charges go good together?

A

Yes, equal sides don’t go together.

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8
Q

What is an atomic number?

A

The number of protons an atom contains.

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9
Q

What is an atomic mass unit?

A

Unit of measurement for protons and neutrons.

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10
Q

What are atomic shells?

A

Layers in a cloud model.

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11
Q

Which is more accurate, cloud models or orbits models?

A

Cloud models.

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12
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms that have the same elements that have different proton models.

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13
Q

What are ions?

A

When an atom has no charge, and gains a charge.

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14
Q

What is energy?

A

Ability to work.

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15
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

Energy that’s being used.

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16
Q

What is potential energy?

A

Energy being stored.

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17
Q

Names 3/6 types of energy.

A
  • Mechanical energy
  • Thermal energy
  • Radiant energy
  • Electrical Energy
  • Chemical Energy
  • Atomic Energy
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18
Q

What is acid?

A

Large groups of chemicals that taste sour and dissolve certain metals to form salts.

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19
Q

What is a compound?

A

Two or more different kinds of atoms bound together.

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20
Q

What are molecules?

A

combinations of atoms tightly bound together that form others.

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21
Q

What is a base?

A

Substances that taste bitter and have a slippery feel, like soap.

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22
Q

What are endothermic reactions?

A

reactions energy in the form of heat to proceed.

23
Q

What are exothermic reactions?

A

Give off heat as it happens

24
Q

Name four states of matter, and describe their meanings.

A

-Solid
Cannon change easily because molecules are so tightly packed together.
-Liquid
Molecules freely move, and does not have its own shape, so can be changed easily.
-Gas
Changes shape easily. Solids pass through easily, and can be compresses.
-Plasma
A special type of gas that contains electrically charged particles.

25
Q

What is H2O?

A

2 Hydrogen, one oxygen, is the formula for water.

26
Q

What are physical changes?

A

Changes that affect the form of matter as its shape or states.

27
Q

What are chemical changes?

A

Also called chemical reactions. Happens when kind of atom molecule combines with another atom to make another substance.

28
Q

Describe what electricity is.

A

Occurrences caused by the movement of electrically charged atoms, electrons, or protons.

29
Q

What is an electric field?

A

The region where an electric force is felt.

30
Q

What is an electric current?

A

Movement through matter of charged particles, electrons. The heart of both electricity and magnetism.

31
Q

What does DC and AC stand for? What is their purpose, and ho\w do they differ?

A

-DC (Direct Current)
Electrons move in one direction.
AC (alternating current)
Electrons move back and forth in a short distance.

32
Q

Give examples of a radio wave.

A
  • Radio
  • Cellphone
  • Garage door opener
  • Microwave
33
Q

Give examples of a microwave.

A
  • TV

- Satellite

34
Q

Give examples of visible light.

A
  • Candles

- light bulbs

35
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Made of individual substances that can be separated again using physical methods.

36
Q

What is a solution?

A

A mixture where the particles are too small to separate with ordinary methods.

37
Q

What is a compound?

A

Made of molecules that contain two or more different types of atoms bound together.

38
Q

What are chemical formulas?

A

Abbreviated versions of compound names.

39
Q

What is a homogeneous?

A

Same throughout.

40
Q

What is a physical property?

A

Affects only the form.

41
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

One kind of atom or molecule combined with another atom or molecule to make a new substance.

42
Q

What is heated matter?

A

Electrons receive extra energy, making them move more quickly.

43
Q

What is cooled matter?

A

Electrons lose energy, and therefore move more slowly.

44
Q

What is light?

A

Something that makes things visible or affords illumination.

45
Q

What does opaque mean?

A

Materials don’t let any light in.

46
Q

What is translucent?

A

(Also Semi-opaque)

Materials that let some light through.

47
Q

What is transparent?

A

Materials let all light through.

48
Q

What do black and dark colors do?

A

Absorb more light and reflect less light.

49
Q

What is a sight line?

A

The path of light from an object to a person’s eye.

50
Q

What is an incident ray?

A

A light ray from a reflective object.

51
Q

What is a reflective ray?

A

A ray that reflects off a reflective surface.

52
Q

How fast is the speed of light?

A

186,000 km/s

53
Q

What is sound?

A

Air molecules passing on energy to more air molecules.

Matter & Energy (1 decks)

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