Matter & Energy Flashcards
What are atoms?
The building blocks of matter.
What is matter?
Substantial, often invisible, material of the universe.
What is the nucleus?
The core of an atom. Contains most of the atom’s mass, and takes 1/10000 of an atom. Contains the protons and the neutrons.
What are electrons?
Lighter particles that move around the nucleus. Have a negative charge.
What are protons?
Positive charge, 2000 times bigger than electron.
What are neutrons?
Have no charge, and are same size as protons.
Do positive and negative charges go good together?
Yes, equal sides don’t go together.
What is an atomic number?
The number of protons an atom contains.
What is an atomic mass unit?
Unit of measurement for protons and neutrons.
What are atomic shells?
Layers in a cloud model.
Which is more accurate, cloud models or orbits models?
Cloud models.
What are isotopes?
Atoms that have the same elements that have different proton models.
What are ions?
When an atom has no charge, and gains a charge.
What is energy?
Ability to work.
What is kinetic energy?
Energy that’s being used.
What is potential energy?
Energy being stored.
Names 3/6 types of energy.
- Mechanical energy
- Thermal energy
- Radiant energy
- Electrical Energy
- Chemical Energy
- Atomic Energy
What is acid?
Large groups of chemicals that taste sour and dissolve certain metals to form salts.
What is a compound?
Two or more different kinds of atoms bound together.
What are molecules?
combinations of atoms tightly bound together that form others.
What is a base?
Substances that taste bitter and have a slippery feel, like soap.
What are endothermic reactions?
reactions energy in the form of heat to proceed.
What are exothermic reactions?
Give off heat as it happens
Name four states of matter, and describe their meanings.
-Solid
Cannon change easily because molecules are so tightly packed together.
-Liquid
Molecules freely move, and does not have its own shape, so can be changed easily.
-Gas
Changes shape easily. Solids pass through easily, and can be compresses.
-Plasma
A special type of gas that contains electrically charged particles.
What is H2O?
2 Hydrogen, one oxygen, is the formula for water.
What are physical changes?
Changes that affect the form of matter as its shape or states.
What are chemical changes?
Also called chemical reactions. Happens when kind of atom molecule combines with another atom to make another substance.
Describe what electricity is.
Occurrences caused by the movement of electrically charged atoms, electrons, or protons.
What is an electric field?
The region where an electric force is felt.
What is an electric current?
Movement through matter of charged particles, electrons. The heart of both electricity and magnetism.
What does DC and AC stand for? What is their purpose, and ho\w do they differ?
-DC (Direct Current)
Electrons move in one direction.
AC (alternating current)
Electrons move back and forth in a short distance.
Give examples of a radio wave.
- Radio
- Cellphone
- Garage door opener
- Microwave
Give examples of a microwave.
- TV
- Satellite
Give examples of visible light.
- Candles
- light bulbs
What is a mixture?
Made of individual substances that can be separated again using physical methods.
What is a solution?
A mixture where the particles are too small to separate with ordinary methods.
What is a compound?
Made of molecules that contain two or more different types of atoms bound together.
What are chemical formulas?
Abbreviated versions of compound names.
What is a homogeneous?
Same throughout.
What is a physical property?
Affects only the form.
What is a chemical change?
One kind of atom or molecule combined with another atom or molecule to make a new substance.
What is heated matter?
Electrons receive extra energy, making them move more quickly.
What is cooled matter?
Electrons lose energy, and therefore move more slowly.
What is light?
Something that makes things visible or affords illumination.
What does opaque mean?
Materials don’t let any light in.
What is translucent?
(Also Semi-opaque)
Materials that let some light through.
What is transparent?
Materials let all light through.
What do black and dark colors do?
Absorb more light and reflect less light.
What is a sight line?
The path of light from an object to a person’s eye.
What is an incident ray?
A light ray from a reflective object.
What is a reflective ray?
A ray that reflects off a reflective surface.
How fast is the speed of light?
186,000 km/s
What is sound?
Air molecules passing on energy to more air molecules.
