Matter, Chemical Trends & Chemical Bonding Flashcards
(42 cards)
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?
Qualitative deals with descriptions and quantitative deals with numbers and data that can be measured.
What are the four main trends on the periodic table?
Atomic radius, first ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity.
In a chemical change, the product is ______ than/as the reactants.
Different
In a physical change, the product is _______ than/as the reactants.
Same
What are six indications that tell you if a chemical change has occurred?
Light/heat produced, difficult to reverse, colour change, new substance produce, precipitate formed, and bubbles produced.
What is atomic radius?
The distance from the centre of the nucleus to the valence orbit.
What is first ionization energy?
How much energy required to remove the first valence electron.
What is electron affinity?
The amount of energy released when an atom captures an electron.
What is electronegativity?
The strength of an atom’s ability to hold onto a covalent bond.
What is the trend of atomic radius on the periodic table?
It increases as it moves down and to the left in the periodic table.
Why does atomic radius increase as we move down as group?
There will be more orbits in each atom and each previous orbit’s electrons will not only shield outer orbits, but also repel the orbits on either side.
Why does atomic radius increase as we move left in a period?
Atoms on the left have less protons than those on the right. There will be a stronger attractive force between nucleus protons and valence electrons as we move left to right, which will pull valence electrons closer to the nucleus.
Why does first ionization energy increase as we move up a group?
Atoms that have less orbits also have a stronger attraction between the nucleus and the valence shell electrons. Therefore more energy is required to remove electrons from atoms with less orbits.
Why does ionization energy increase as we move right in a period?
The valence electrons are more strongly attracted to the nucleus, thus requiring more energy to remove electrons, as we more right in a period in a periodic table.
What are the only atoms on the periodic table that have a full valence shell?
Noble gases
What are atoms that have to lose electrons to become stable called? Are they positively or negatively charged?
Cations, which are positively charged.
Which elements form cations?
Metals
What are atoms that have to gain electrons to become stable called? Are they positively or negatively charged?
Anions, which are negatively charged.
Which elements form anions?
Non-metals
How do you name binary ionic compounds?
State the metal, followed by the root-name of the non-metal with the suffix “-ide”. [ex. calcium chloride]
What is the difference between representative elements and transitional elements?
Representative elements are elements that gain or lose electrons in a predictable fashion [ex. lithium, sodium]. Transitional metals are elements in the middle of the periodic table which usually exist in two or more different forms [ex. nickel (II) or nickel (III)].
What are the two groups of acids?
Binary acids and oxyacids (ternary).
What are binary acids composed of and how do you name them?
They’re composed of a hydrogen and a non-metal. You name them by first writing the prefix “hydro-“, writing the root-word of the non-metal with suffic “-ic”, and then writing acid. ie. hydrobromic acid (HBr).
What are oxyacids?
Ionic compounds that contain hydrogen cations and anions that are polyatomic.
