Matter Ch.1 Flashcards
What is matter
anything that occupies space, has mass, and can be perceived by the senses
(e.g living and non living matter)
atom (2)
the smallest particle of an element which can take part in a chemical reaction
basic unit of matter
molecule
the smallest particle of a substance which retains the characteristics of the substance
ion
any atom or a group of atoms which has a resultant charge due to loss or gain of electrons
volume
amount of space occupied by matter
mass
the quantity of matter
weight
the gravitational pull on matter
How many free surfaces do solids, liquids and gases have
solids - infinite
liquids - one
gases - none
4 main postulates of molecular theory of matter
composition - any state is composed of small particles namely molecules, atoms, ions
inter- particle space - particles are arranged in such a way that they have spaces between them
inter - particle attraction - all particles attract each other
energy possessed - particles are in continuous motion and possess kinetic energy
kinetic theory of matter (solids - 3)
inter particle space is minimum
inter particle force of attraction is maximum
kinetic energy of molecules is least
kinetic theory of matter (liquids - 3)
interparticle space is more than solids/moderate
inter particle force of attraction less than solids/moderate
kinetic energy of molecules in large
kinetic theory of matter (gases - 3)
inter particle space is comparatively very large
inter particle attraction is negligible
kinetic energy of molecules is very large
change of state of matter
matter may change from one state to another state due to change in temperature and pressure
this is called change of state of matter
interconversion of matter
change of state of matter from one state to another state and back to its original state due to change in temperature and pressure
melting
solid into a liquid on heating
vaporization
liquid into a gas on heating at a constant temperature
liquefaction/condensation
gas changes into a liquid due to loss of energy/rejection of heat
solidification/ freezing
liquid into a solid at a constant temperature
sublimation
solid changing directly into gaseous state (on heating)
and directly back to solid state (on cooling)
without changing into liquid state
who formulated the law of conservation of mass
Antoine Lavoisier
What is the experimental evidence of the law of conservation of mass known as
Landolt’s experiment
what does the law of conservation of mass state?
matter is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction, it changes from one form to another
how does Landolt’s experiment prove law of conservation of matter
the total mass of the reacting substances (i.e reactants) is exactly equal to the total mass of the produced substances (i.e products) provided that both masses are measured under similar conditions
explanation of law of conservation of mass
If A and B are reactants and C and D are their products, then
Mass of A+B = Mass of C+D
how does Landolt’s experiment work (4)
(Sodium chloride and silver nitrate in limbs of H shaped tube)
1/ the tube was sealed and weighed
2/ solutions were mixed via shaking and white precipitate of silver chloride is obtained
3/ tube was weighed again after experiment
what other chemical reaction can be used for Landolt’s experiment
chemical reaction between Barium chloride and Sodium sulphate
What are limitations of the Law of Conservation of matter (2)
chemical energy stored in the reactants can also be released in the form of heat and light
hence mass is converted into energy and thus they are both considered together
(so a very slight error can occur in the experiments)
