Matter and the Periodic Table

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 2

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Answer 2

Elements are made of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms
Atoms of each element are unique
Atoms can join together to form compounds
Atoms are not created or destroyed in chemical reactions

Question 3

Subatomic particles

Answer 3

Smaller components that make up atoms

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

Dense, positively charge center of the atom

Question 5

Protons

Answer 5

Positively charge particles inside the nucleus

Question 6

Neutrons

Answer 6

Neutral particles in the nucleus

Question 7

Neutrons

Answer 7

Neutral particles in the nucleus

Question 8

Name the subatomic particles

Answer 8

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 9

Electrons

Answer 9

Tiny, negatively charged particles around the nucleus

Question 10

Element

Answer 10

Substance that cannot be decomposed into more than one substance by chemical means

Question 11

Alkaline metals

Answer 11

Column 1
Highly reactive elements with +1 charge

Question 12

Alkaline earth metals

Answer 12

Column 2
Highly reactive elements with +2 charge

Question 13

Metals

Answer 13

Want to lose electrons
Typically solids at room temperature
Conduct electricity, ductile, malleable

Question 14

Metalloids

Answer 14

Share properties of metals and non-metals
Many are superconductors
Hybrid

Question 15

Non-metals

Answer 15

Want to gain an electron
Typically do not conduct electricity
More diverse in their properties (solids, liquids, and gases)

Question 16

Monatomic element

Answer 16

Element occurring as single atoms

Question 17

Diatomic element

Answer 17

Element that forms a molecule consisting of two atoms of that element

Question 18

Polyatomic element

Answer 18

Element that forms a molecule consisting of three or more atoms of that element

Question 19

Main group elements

Answer 19

Groups 1A-8A
Tend to react in predictable ways

Question 20

Transition metals

Answer 20

Groups 1B-8B
React less predictably than main group elements
Prefer to lose electrons to become positively charged

Question 21

Halogens

Answer 21

Group 7A non-metals
Highly reactive non-metals with -1 charge

Question 22

Noble gases

Answer 22

Group 8A non-metals
Mostly unreactive and are gases under normal conditions

Question 23

Isotopes

Answer 23

Element with same number of protons, but different number of neutrons

Question 24

Atomic number

Answer 24

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 25

Mass number

Answer 25

Number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus (it is the rounded average atomic mass; whole number)

Question 26

Charge

Answer 26

Subtracting number of electrons from the number of protons

Question 27

Average atomic mass

Answer 27

Weighted average for all naturally occurring isotopes for an element (contains a decimal)