Matter and the Atomic Structure

Question 1

What is Matter?

Answer 1

Something that has mass and occupies space

Question 2

Define the deposition process

Answer 2

Gas to solid

Question 3

Explain the characteristics of solid

Answer 3

Particles: closely packed, orderly
Kinetic energy: low
Attraction force: strong

Question 4

Explain the characteristics of a liquid

Answer 4

Particles: closely packed, not orderly
Kinetic energy: higher than solid
Attraction force: Strong, less than solid

Question 5

Explain the characteristics of gas

Answer 5

Particles: far
Kinetic energy: very high
Attraction force: weak

Question 6

Why does the temp not increase at the melting point?

Answer 6

Heat energy absorbed is used to overcome the attraction force until solid changes to liquid

Question 7

Why does the temp not decrease at the freezing point?

Answer 7

Heat energy lost is balanced by the heat energy released when the particles attract to each other to form solid

Question 8

State the symbol, relative charge, relative mass of Proton

Answer 8

Symbol: p
Relative charge: +1
Relative mass = 1

Question 9

State the symbol, relative charge, relative mass of Neutron

Answer 9

Symbol: n
Relative charge: 0
Relative mass = 1

Question 10

State the symbol, relative charge, relative mass of Electron

Answer 10

Symbol: e
Relative charge: -1
Relative mass = 1/1840

Question 11

Who is John Dalton

Answer 11

The smallest spherical body; cannot be created, destroyed nor divided

Question 12

Who is J.J Thomson

Answer 12

Discovered electrons

Question 13

Who is Ernest Rutherford

Answer 13

The nucleus is the centre part of an atom
Discovered protons
Almost the whole atomic mass is in the nucleus
Nucleus moves outside the nucleus

Question 14

Who is Niels Bohr

Answer 14

Electrons move in shells

Question 15

Who is James Chadwick

Answer 15

Discovered neutrons

Neutrons contribute almost half the mass

Question 16

What is nucleon number

Answer 16

Number of proton + electron

Question 17

Explain electron shells

Answer 17

2, 8, 8

Question 18

Define Isotopes

Answer 18

Atoms that share the same proton number but different nucleon number

Question 19

What is the formula for relative atomic mass

Answer 19

( % isotopes x mass of isotope ) / 100

Question 20

In the field of medicine, explain the uses of isotopes Cobalt-60 and Iodine-131

Answer 20

Cobalt-60: In radiotherapy to kill cancer cells

Iodine-131: treatment of thyroid disorders

Question 21

In the field of agriculture, explain the use of isotope Phosphorus-32

Answer 21

Study of plant metabolism

Question 22

In the nuclear field, explain the use of isotope Uranium-235

Answer 22

Generate electricity through nuclear power generator

Question 23

In the field of archaeology, explain the uses of isotopes Carbon-14 and lead-210

Answer 23

Carbon-14: Estimate artifact age

Lead-210: Determine the age of sand and earth layers up to 80 years

Question 24

In the industry field, explain the use of isotope Hydrogen-3

Answer 24

Detector to study sewage and liquid wastes

Question 25

In the field of engineering, explain the use of isotope Sodium-24

Answer 25

Detect leakage underground