matter and separating techniques Flashcards

1
Q

particle movement in a solid

A

vibrates in a fixed position. has a fixed volume

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2
Q

particle movement in liquid

A

particles move around but sill touching. has a fixed volume. moves faster as temperature rises

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3
Q

particle movement in a gas

A

particles move around freely, apart having big gaps between them. has a chang

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4
Q

the process of solid to liquid?

A

melting

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5
Q

the process of liquid to solid?

A

freezing

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6
Q

the process of liquid to gas?

A

evaporation

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7
Q

the process of gas to liquid?

A

condensation

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8
Q

the process of solid to gas?

A

sublimation

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9
Q

what happens when heat is added to solid?

A

the particles will vibrate more causing the solid to expand. it eventually becomes liquid

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10
Q

what happens when heat is added to liquid?

A

the particles will move faster causing the liquid to expand slightly. it will then evaporate into gas

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11
Q

what happens when heat is added to gas

A

the particles will move faster causing the gas to expand or increase their pressure.

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12
Q

what is a solution?

A

it is a mixture of a solute and solvent that does not separate out

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13
Q

what is a solute?

A

it is the substance being dissolved

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14
Q

what is a solvent?

A

is the liquid it’s dissolving into

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15
Q

what is a saturated solution?

A

a solution where the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved, so no more solute will dissolve in the solution.

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16
Q

what does solubility (g per 100g of solvent ) mean?

A

the maximum amount of solute that dissolves in 100g of solvent.

17
Q

how to calculate the solubility (g per 100g of solvent)?

A

mass of solid(g) / mass of water removed (g) x 100

18
Q

what is an element?

A

a substance made of only one type of atom

19
Q

what is a compound?

A

a substance that contains 2 or more types of elements which are chemically bonded together.

20
Q

what is a mixture?

A

a substance made of 2 or more types of elements which are not chemically bonded together

21
Q

what has a specific, sharp melting point and boiling point?

A

a pure substance

22
Q

what gradually boils over a range of temperatures?

A

an impure substance.

23
Q

describe filteration

A

separates insoluble particles from liquid.

24
Q

describe simple distillation

A

separates a liquid from a solution. only works if there’s a large difference between the boiling point.

25
Q

describe fractional distillation

A

separates a mixture of liquids. used when the boiling point has a small difference between the boiling point

26
Q

describe crystallisation

A

when a solute is let to cool after evaporating the solvent in the solution.

27
Q

why does paper chromatography work?

A

different dyes move up in different rates. some will stick to the paper and some will dissolve and move up quickly

28
Q

how a chromatogram gives information about the composition of a mixture

A

by comparing a substance to a already known substance

29
Q

how to calculate the Rf value

A

Rf = distance travelled by solute/distance travelled by solvent

30
Q
A