Matter and Safety

Question 1

Matter:

Answer 1

The stuff that makes up other stuff

Question 2

Matter has:

Answer 2

Mass and volume

Question 3

3 states of matter:

Answer 3

Solid, liquid, and gas

Question 4

Components of a solid:

Answer 4

Definite shape and volume, particles locked into place

Question 5

Components of a liquid:

Answer 5

Takes the shape of the container but has a definite mass, particles can slide past each other

Question 6

Components of a gas:

Answer 6

Takes the shape and volume of its container, particles can easily move past each other

Question 7

Law of Conservation of Matter:

Answer 7

Matter can neither be created nor destroyed

Question 8

Physical properties:

Answer 8

Properties associated with how a substance looks

Question 9

Chemical properties:

Answer 9

The ability of a substance to make a new substance

Question 10

Intensive properties:

Answer 10

Properties that do not depend on the amount of substance present

Question 11

Extensive properties:

Answer 11

Properties that depend on the amount of substance present

Question 12

Physical changes:

Answer 12

Changes in the appearance of a substance, DO NOT affect the composition of a substance

Question 13

Chemical changes:

Answer 13

Changes in which a new substance if formed

Question 14

Examples of physical properties:

Answer 14

Color, texture, length, state of matter

Question 15

Examples of chemical properties:

Answer 15

The ability to rust

Question 16

Examples of extensive properties:

Answer 16

length, volume, mass

Question 17

Examples of intensive properties:

Answer 17

Color, boiling point, density

Question 18

Examples of physical changes:

Answer 18

Boiling water, ice melting, cutting your hair

Question 19

Examples of chemical changes:

Answer 19

Rusting, burning, fermentation, silver tarnishing

Question 20

Elements:

Answer 20

Substances that cannot be broken down by chemical processes; a group of the same type of atom, can exist alone or combined with another different element

Question 21

Element examples:

Answer 21

Oxygen, hydrogen, iron, lead, gold, silver

Question 22

Allotrope

Answer 22

Different forms of the same element: red and white phosphorus

Question 23

Compounds:

Answer 23

substances in which atoms of two or more elements are chemically combined. always have the same composition

Question 24

Organic compounds:

Answer 24

Contain the elements carbon and hydrogen

Question 25

Inorganic compounds

Answer 25

Do not contain carbon

Question 26

Mixture:

Answer 26

Something that has variable composition; something with 2 or more substances physically combined, can be broken down into elements or compounds

Question 27

Mixture examples:

Answer 27

Wine, coffee

Question 28

Pure substances:

Answer 28

always have the same composition, must be an element or a compound

Question 29

Pure substance examples:

Answer 29

lead, oxygen, water, carbon dioxide

Question 30

Homogeneous mixture

Answer 30

aka a solution, composition is the same through

Question 31

Examples of homogenous mixtures

Answer 31

salt water, milk, air

Question 32

Alloy

Answer 32

A solid solution of metals (brass)

Question 33

Heterogeneous mixtures

Answer 33

Composition is not the same throughout

Question 34

Examples of heterogeneous mixtures

Answer 34

Sand and water, chocolate chip cookies, trail mix

Question 35

Substitutional alloy:

Answer 35

Another metal is substituted in the original metal, the metals are approximately the same size

Question 36

Interstitial alloy

Answer 36

Smaller atoms fit into the holes of the original metallic structure

Question 37

Distillation:

Answer 37

separation of liquids based on differences in boiling point

Question 38

Filtration

Answer 38

Separation of liquids based on particle size

Question 39

Chromatography

Answer 39

used when mixture is composed of two materials with different "affinities" for a stationary phase

Question 40

Temperature:

Answer 40

Measure of the heat of a substance

Question 41

Celsius -> Kelvin

Answer 41

-273 -> 0

Question 42

Gas -> Liquid:

Answer 42

condensation

Question 43

Liquid -> gas:

Answer 43

Evaporation

Question 44

Liquid -> solid:

Answer 44

freezing

Question 45

Solid -> liquid

Answer 45

melting

Question 46

solid -> gas

Answer 46

sublimation

Question 47

gas -> solid

Answer 47

deposition

Question 48

Diatomic:

Answer 48

2 atoms bonded together

Question 49

Covalent bonds:

Answer 49

Shared bonds

Question 50

Ionic bonds:

Answer 50

Transferred bonds