MATTER AND MIXTURES Flashcards
MATTER
Anything that occupies space and has mass
MASS
is the amount of matter in an object
3 STATES OF MATTER
solids,liquids and gasses
PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS
solids have definite shapes
solids have definite volume
solids can not be compressed
solids cannot flow
properties of liquids
liquids have no definite shape
liquids have definite volume
liquids cannot be compressed
liquids can flow
properties gasses
gasses have no definite shape
gasses have not definite volume
gasses can be compressed
gasses can flow
HEAT ENERGY
in order for substance to change state(from a solid to a liquid or liquid to gas) it needs heat energy
as a substance changes state is uses latent heat. there is no change to temperature but the state of material changes
LATENT HEAT
As a substance changes state,it uses latent heat.There is no change to temperature,but the state of the materiel changes.
MELTING POINT
is when both the solid and liquid state exist together (changing from a solid to a liquid)
BOILING POINT
of a liquid is when evaporation begins to happen throughout the liquid (changing of a gas to a liquid)
CONDENSATION
is the changing of a gas to a liquid
DIFFUSION
is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration eg.spraying perfume in one corner of the room and it spreads to the rest of the room
PLASMA
is the fourth state of matter,like gas but can conduct electricity
PHYSICAL CHANGE
nos change in particles just the particle arrangement and energy easy to reverse eg.water and slag being mixed
CHEMICAL CHANGE
a chemical reaction takes place and a new substance is formed very difficult to reverse eg.a match
DURING A CHEMICAL REACTION
the atoms rearrange to form a new substance.might be seen by color change,temperature change, light being emitted or bubbles
LAW OF CONSERVATION MASS
matter can be changed from one form to another.during physical and chemical changes there is no overall change in mass
MIXTURE
a mixture consists of two or more substances mingles together but not chemically combined eg.sand and water
there are four methods of separating mixtures
filtration
evaporation
distillation
chromatography
FILTRATION
used to separate small insoluble solids (do not dissolve in a liquid) for a liquid by using filter paper and funnel to trap the solids eg.sand and water
EVAPORATION
used to separate soluble solids (dissolve in liquids) from a solution by evaporating off the liquid to leave the solids eg.salt water
DISTILLATION
Used to separate two liquids with
different boiling points such as
alcohol (boils at 78o
) and water
(boils at 100 o
). Also used to
separate a soluble solid from a
liquid (e.g. seawater) to give a pure
sample of each.
CHROMATOGRAPHY
Used to separate a mixture of
dissolved substances in a
solution. E.g. the different
colours in a black marker.
insoluble
does not dissolve in a liquid
soluble
dissolves in a liquid
residue
the soil left in the filter paper after filtration
filtrate
the clean water that comes after filtration
evaporation
used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid e.g. salt and water
solvent
the liquid that a solid is dissolved into
solute
the solid that is left behind after evaporation
distillation
method of separation used to separate a soluble solid and its solvent, or two miscible liquids with different boiling points
miscible
Liquids that mix together e.g. alcohol and water
liebig condenser
piece of equipment used in
distillation in which cool water flows to condense steam to water
distillate
clean water at the end of distillation
chromatography
used to separate mixtures of substances that are in a solution e.g. dyes in ink
chromatogram
chromatography paper with separated ink
reactant
chemicals that react together in a chemical reaction
products
the substances formed after a chemical reaction
