Matter And Measurements

Question 1

What is matter and how it classified?

Answer 1

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. It can be classified either by its physical phases or with respects to its composition.

Question 2

What are your four physical states of matter?

Answer 2

Solid- the molecules are tightly packed and arranged in a pattern. They are held firmly in place but vibrate in their fixed positions.
Liquid- molecules in a liquid flow easily around one another. The attractive forces between them keep them from flying apart and the assume the shape of their container.
Gas- molecules in a gas fly in all directions at great speeds. The attractive forces between them are insignificant due to how far apart they are.
Plasma- the mixture of electrons and nuclei results in the plasma state of matter.

Question 3

Elements

Answer 3

Elements cannot be broken down into a simpler substance. They are identified by its symbol and atomic number.

Question 4

Types of elements that are familiar to us

Answer 4

Charcoal- is pure carbon and is used in outdoor grills.
Copper- a metallic element that is often used in electrical wiring, jewelry and water pipes.
Aluminum- used in many house hold items.

Question 5

What are compounds?

Answer 5

A compound is a substance that contains/made up of more than one element. And is always the outcome of a chemical reaction.

Question 6

Types of mixtures

Answer 6

Homogeneous - the particles in a homogeneous mixture are uniformly distributed. Has a uniform composition and appearance.
Example: air, salt and water mixture and a cup of coffee.
Heterogeneous- the particles are not uniformly distributed and the distinction is easily visible.
Example: a bowl of cereal and milk, a salad and ice cubes in a drink.

Question 7

What are mixtures?

Answer 7

Are substances made up of two or more different types of materials. Physical means can be used to separate them.

Question 8

Types of separation of mixtures

Answer 8

Filtration
Evaporation
Distillation
Chromatography

Question 9

How does the process of filtration work?

Answer 9

This method is used to separate an insoluble solid form a liquid.(sand and water)
The liquid particles would pass through the filter paper(the filtrate) and the solid particles are left behind(residue).

Question 10

How does the process of evaporation work?

Answer 10

This method is used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid.(salt and water). When heat is applied the water evaporates and the salt particles are left behind.

Question 11

How does the process of simple distillation work?

Answer 11

This method is used to separate a solvent from a solution (without the control of temperature). When the mixture is heated the water vaporizers and is condensed into a separate container. (Because the boiling points of the two substances being separates is vastly different the the temperature does not have to be controlled.

Question 12

How does the process of fractional distillation work?

Answer 12

This method is used to separate a mixture of two or more liquids (the temperature has to be monitored) a mixture of ethanol and water can be used be separated by this method. The substance with the lower boiling point (ethanol 78 degrees) would rise and be separated first. Water boiling point is (100 degrees)

Question 13

What is accuracy?

Answer 13

Is how close a measurement is to the true value. (How correct you are)

Question 14

What is precision

Answer 14

How close your measurements are to one another. Precise but incorrect data are often the results of systematic errors.

Question 15

Properties of physical substances

Answer 15

Can be observed without change a substance into another substance.
Examples: boiling point, density,mass and volume

Question 16

Properties of chemical substances

Answer 16

Can only be observed when a substance is changed into a another substance.
Examples: flammability, corrosiveness and reactivity with water( the reaction between sodium and water.

Question 17

What is a solid

Answer 17

The molecules that make up a solid are arranged in a regular repeating pattern and are firmly held in place but vibrate

Question 18

What is a liquid

Answer 18

The molecules in a liquid flow easily around on another. They are kept from moving too far apart by the attractive forces between them and the assume the shape of their container.

Question 19

What is a gas

Answer 19

The molecules in a gas fly in all directions at great speeds. They are so far apart that the attractive forces between them are insignificant

Question 20

What is plasma

Answer 20

At very high temperatures of stars, atoms lose their electrons and tend to mix with the nuclei. This mixture is what is considered as the plasma star of matter.