Matter And Materials. Flashcards
what are the properties of non-metals
are dull are brittle are not sonorous are heat insulators are electrical insulators
what are the magnetic metals
iron, nickel and cobalt
what is an element
it is a pure substance, consists of one type of atom. cannot be seperated. has its own unique properties.
what is compound
pure substance. chemical combination of two or more elements. elements making up the compound are combined in fixed ratios. can only be separated by chemical means. properties of the compound are different from the properties of its elements
what is a mixture
an impure substance. physical combination of two or more substances. amounts of substances in a mixture can be varied. can be separated by physical means. substances making up the mixture retain their properties
what is a solid
strong forces
what are the properties of a metal
are lustrous are malleable are ductile are sonorous are heat conductors are electrical conductors
solid
strong forces hold the particles in a pattern called the crystal lattice
particles vibrate in a fixed position
has its own shape
has its own volume
particles are close together, not compressible
liquid
forces still hold particles together but they are weaker than the forces of a solid
particles are able to change places, they can move over each other and thus the liquid can be poured
takes on the shape of the container
has its own volume
particles are close together, not compressible
gas
forces between particles are almost non-existent
particles are free to move and thus fill the whole container
has no shape, fills container
fills container, has volume of container
particles are far apart, compressible
atoms
the building blocks of matter
what are atoms made out of
sub-atomic particle
what are the sub-atomic particles
protons
neutrons
electrons
what are electrons
responsible for the change of an atom
what charge does an electron have
negative
what is a neutron
combines with the potons, it makes up the nucleus of the atom, which is the mass (mass number)
what charge does a neutron have
no charge
what is a proton
it is the mass and the charge of the atom (atomic number )and is combined with the neutrons in the nucleus to make up the mass number
what is a homogeneous mixture
solution- take on one of the substances properties
eg . salt water
what is a heterogeneous mixture
substances retain their individual properties.
eg. sand and water
what are two types of compounds
molecule (non-metal + non-metal) crystal lattice (metal + non-metal)
what are the diatomic elements
hydrogen nitrogen flourine clorine bromine iodine
what are the three types of bonds
ionic bond (metal+non-metal) covalent bond (non-metal+non-metal) metallic bond (metal+metal)
what is melting
goin from a solid to a liquid
what is evaporation
going from a liquid to a gras
what is condensation
going from a gas to a liquid
what is freezing
going from a liquid to a solid
what s sublimation
going straight from a solid to a gas
what is deposition
going straight from a gas to a solid
what is diffusion
the process whereby liquid or gas particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
what is density
the degree of compactness of the particle of a substance. (the amount of mass of matter is contained in a given volume of the substance)
what is expansion
the increase in the size of spaces between particles of a substance
contraction
the decrease in the size of the space between the particles of a substance
when particles are changing phase what kind of energy do they have
the have kinetic and potential energy
what happens when a solid substance is heating to its melting point
further heat transfer to the molecules increases their potential energy
what happens to the heat added to a liquid when boiling
it gets converted into potential energy
