MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES Flashcards
Everything around us is made up of ___.
matter
Matter is composed of tiny particles called ____.
atoms
____ is anything that occupies space and has mass.
matter
______ are characteristics of a substance which enable us to identify this substance and differentiate it from other substances.
Properties
_____ properties are properties that do not change the composition of a substance
Physical
_____ properties are properties that do not depend on the amount of matter present or being tested
Intensive
_____ properties are properties that depend on the amount of matter present or being tested.
Extensive
Examples are color, hardness, melting point, boiling point, and density.
intensive
Examples are volume, mass, length, and shape.
extensive
____ properties are properties that involve changes in the composition of a substance during a chemical reaction
Chemical
In a ____ change, the identity of a substance is not altered.
physical
A ____ change results in a new compound with a different chemical composition and a different set of properties.
chemical
______ is the process through which plants transform solar energy to chemical energy.
Photosynthesis
An _____ reaction is a change in temperature in the reaction mixture that indicates that heat is being evolved.
exothermic
An _____ reaction is a change in temperature in the reaction mixture that indicates that heat is being absorbed.
endothermic
A ____ reaction involves the release and absorption of equal amounts of energy.
thermic
matter can also be classified into $____ or _____.
pure substances ; mixtures
A _____ contains only one type of particle and has a uniform composition
pure substance
Pure substances are classified into ____ and _____.
elements ; compounds
____ are substances composed of only one kind of atom.
Elements
Elements can be classified into ____, ____, or ____.
metals; nonmetals; metalloids
The following are some properties of metals:
luster, malleability, ductility, good- conductors of heat, mostly solid, mostly hard, and mostly have high densities.
The following are some properties of nonmetals:
dull in appearance, brittle. poor conductors of heat and electricity, good insulators, and usually have low densities
_____ are elements which have some properties of both metals and nonmetals.
Metalloids
_____ are substances composed of two or more kinds of atoms that are chemically bonded together in fixed proportions.
Compounds
An ,____ is a compound that donates H+ ions in an aqueous solution.
acid
A ___ is a compound that accepts H- ions in an aqueous solution.
base
A ___ is a compound that is formed when an acid and a base react with one another. .
salt
___ are made up of two or more substances mixed together but are not chemically combined.
Mixtures
___ mixtures have only one phase and a uniform composition.
Homogeneous
Solution is a type of _____ mixture.
homogeneous
____ mixtures have two or more phases and do not have a uniform composition.
Heterogeneous
2 kinds of heterogeneous mixtures
Colloids & Suspension
____, which are also called colloidal dispersions, are heterogeneous mixtures that have particles bigger than those of a solution but smaller than those of a suspension.
Colloids
____ are heterogeneous mixtures that have particles bigger than those of colloids
Suspensions
Decantation, filtration, and chromatography are all based on ______ properties and sedimentation depends on the ___ of the components.
solubility;weight
Distillation and evaporation are based on differences in ______
boiling points.
____ is a process that requires a filtering medium that traps the insoluble substances while allowing the liquid containing the soluble substances to pass through
Filtration
It is often used to separate water-soluble from water-insoluble components.
Filtration
_______ is the solid component that remains on a filter
Residue
_____ is the clear liquid collected from filtration paper.
Filtrate
_____ allows heavy suspended particles to settle.
Sedimentation
_____ is a process of separating the liquid from the solid component of a mixture, pouring out the liquid carefully, such that the sediment is not disturbed and still remains at the bottom.
Decantation
______ is a method of directly turning solid into gas.
Sublimation
Simple _____ is a method used to recover water from an aqueous salt solution.
distillation
____ is a simple but efficient technique used to separate and identify the components of a mixture.
Chromatography
_____ are items or goods commonly bought for private consumption.
Consumer products
an _____ is a combination of two or more metals, or a metal and another element
alloy
the lightest element among the other
hydrogen (H)
one of the most abundant elements in the universe
carbon (C)
found in toothpaste in form of fluoride
fluorine (F)
one of the first metals used by man
copper (Cu)
most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust
Aluminum ( Al)
used in food preservation in the form of sodium chloride
Sodium (Na)
it is a very reactive element metal that is never found free in nature
Potassium (K)
it was a metal that exist in the liquid state at room temperature
mercury (Hg)
one of the elements essential elements needed by the body that helps make bone stronger
Calcium (CA)
it is a yellowish non metal usually found in volcanic vents
Sulfur ( S)
a metal that is used to make jewelry
gold (Au)
the highest electrical conductivity among metals
silver ( Ah)
one of the most abundant element in the universe it is a colorless odorless and tasteless gas
helium (He)
a noble gas primarily used to light up advertising signs or display
neon (Be)
it is an example element in a body and a component of hemoglobin which carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues in the body
Iron (Fe)
