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General Chemistry 1👩‍🔬🧪⚗️ > Matter and Its Properties > Flashcards

Matter and Its Properties Flashcards

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1
Q

smallest unit of matter

A

atoms

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2
Q

It is anything that occupies space and displays the properties of mass and inertia.

A

matter

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3
Q

Refers to the parts or components of a sample of matter and their relative proportions.

A

composition

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4
Q

Qualities or attributes that we can use to distinguish one sample of matter from others.

A

properties

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5
Q

Properties of matter are generally grouped into two broad categories:

A

physical and chemical

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6
Q

Measurement of the amount of matter the object has (e.g. weighing)

A

mass

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7
Q

Measurement of the space occupied by an object

A

volume

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8
Q

Relatively tiny building blocks of all matter

A

atoms

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9
Q

According to the postulates of the particle theory of matter, ______ is made up of moving particles.

A

matter

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10
Q

Matter particles are _________ to one another.

A

attracted

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11
Q

There are ______ between matter particles.

A

spaces

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12
Q

Particles of matter move more _______ as the temperature _____.

A

quickly; rises

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13
Q

Atoms from _________ elements are _________, while those from the ____ element are nearly _________.

A

different; same; identical

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14
Q

Matter can be classified into three states:

A

solid, liquid, and gas

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15
Q

Attractive and repulsive forces that arise between the molecules of a substance.

A

intermolecular forces

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16
Q

In this state of matter, substances are rigid and have definite shapes. The volumes of ______ do not vary much with changes in temperature and pressure.

A

solid

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17
Q

In this state of matter, the individual particles are confined to a given volume. A ______ flow and assumes the shape of its container up to the volume of the ______. Furthermore, they are very hard to compress.

A

liquid

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18
Q

This state of matter is much less dense than the other two. They occupy all parts of any vessel in which they are confined. They are capable of infinite expansion and are compressed easily, The individual particles are quite far apart.

A

gas

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19
Q

Particles close together and organized

A

solid

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20
Q

Particles close together but disorganized

A

liquid

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21
Q

Particles far apart and disorganized

A

gas

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22
Q

solid to liquid

A

melting

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23
Q

liquid to solid

A

freezing

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24
Q

liquid to gas

A

evaporation

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25
Q

gas to liquid

A

condensation

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26
Q

solid to gas

A

sublimation

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27
Q

gas to solid

A

deposition

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28
Q

Exhibited by matter as it undergoes changes in the composition

A

chemical property

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29
Q

One that a sample of matter displays without changing its composition

A

physical property

30
Q

Energy, or work, required to increase the surface area of a liquid OR the tendency of a liquid’s surface to resist rupture when placed under tension or stress.

A

surface tension

31
Q

Attractive forces between molecules of the same type. They are also responsible for surface tension.

A

cohesive forces

32
Q

Attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind.

A

cohesion

33
Q

Attraction of molecules of one kind for molecules of a different kind

A

adhesion

34
Q

Upward motion against gravity

A

capillary action

35
Q

Attractive forces between molecules of different types.

A

adhesive forces

36
Q

Liquid’s resistance to flow

A

viscosity

37
Q

Passage of molecules from the surface of a liquid into the gaseous, or vapor state.

A

vaporization or evaporation

38
Q

Vaporization occurs more readily with:

A
  • increased temperature
  • increased surface area of the liquid
  • decreased strength of intermolecular forces
39
Q

Quantity of heat that must be absorbed to vaporize one mole of liquid at constant temperature and constant pressure.

A

enthalpy of vaporization

40
Q

Enthalpy of vaporization is often expressed in the unit:

A

kJ mol-1

41
Q

Opposite of vaporization, or the conversion of a gas or vapor to a liquid.

A

condensation

42
Q

It is when two opposing processes are occurring simultaneously and at equal rates.

A

dynamic equilibrium

43
Q

Pressure exerted by a vapor in dynamic equilibrium with its liquid.

A

vapor pressure

44
Q

Vapor pressure increases with __________

A

temperature

45
Q

Occurs when the pressure exerted by escaping molecules equals that exerted by molecules of the atmosphere

A

boiling

46
Q

Temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to the pressure of the gas above it.

A

boiling point

47
Q

The point at which these conditions are reached and the liquid and vapor become indistinguishable.

A

critical point

48
Q

Boiling point of water

A

100 degrees Celsius

49
Q

It occurs when the molecules of a solid speed up enough that the motion overcomes the attractions so that the molecules can move past each other as a liquid.

A

melting

50
Q

The temperature at which melting occurs

A

melting point

51
Q

Reverse of melting

A

freezing

52
Q

Temperature at which freezing occurs

A

freezing point

53
Q

The quantity of heat required to melt a solid

A

Enthalpy of fusion

54
Q

The plot of temperature against time

A

cooling/heating curve

55
Q

The direct passage of molecules from the solid to the vapor state

A

sublimation

56
Q

The passage of molecules from the vapor to the solid state.

A

deposition

57
Q

The quantity of heat needed to convert a solid into vapor

A

Enthalpy of sublimation

58
Q

Properties which depend on the amount of material examined

A

extensive properties

59
Q

Properties which are independent of the amount of material examined

A

intensive properties

60
Q

Mixture of substance that is uniform in composition and properties throughout.

A

homogenous mixture or solution

61
Q

Substances comprising atoms of two or more elements joined together.

A

compounds

62
Q

Pure substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical changes.

A

elements

63
Q

Pure substance that can be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical changes, always in a definite ratio.

A

compounds

64
Q

Pure substances are classified into two:

A

elements and compounds

65
Q

Mixtures are classified into two:

A

homogenous and heterogenous mixtures

66
Q

Have same composition throughout; components are indistinguishable

A

homogenous mixtures

67
Q

Do not have the same composition throughout; components are distinguishable

A

heterogeneous mixtures

68
Q

Process of separating a solid from the liquid in which it is suspended

A

filtration

69
Q

Technique to separate liquids based on their boiling points, such as water and alcohol.

A

distillation

70
Q

Way of separating mixture by means of color.

A

chromatography

71
Q

Explain how matter can change between different phases as well as why it exists in different states (solid, liquid, gas)

A

Particle Theory of Matter

General Chemistry 1👩‍🔬🧪⚗️ (2 decks)

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