Matter And Energy Flashcards
1
Q
1 cal = ?
A
418 j
2
Q
Forms of energy
A
Light, electrical, heat, kinetic, potential
3
Q
Temperature
A
- is not a form of energy
- a measurement of the average kinetic energy
4
Q
Absolute zero
A
0 k
k = C + 273
5
Q
Kinetic energy
A
Energy of motion
6
Q
Potential energy
A
Stored energy
7
Q
Law of conservation energy
A
Energy is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction
8
Q
Endothermic reaction
A
- Absorbs energy
- thermal energy -> chemical energy
- A + Heat = B
9
Q
Exothermic reaction
A
- releases energy
- chemical energy -> thermal energy
- C = D + Heat
10
Q
Exothermic chart
A
| |--| | | | | \_\_\_\_| | | | | | | |\_\_\_\_ |\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
11
Q
Endothermic chart
A
| |---| | | | | | |\_\_\_\_ | | | | | \_\_\_\_| |\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
12
Q
Phases of matter: Solid
A
- definite shape
- definite volume
- regular geometric shape
- crystalline structure
- particles are vibrating w/o changing relative positions
13
Q
Phases of matter: liquid
A
- no definite shape (takes shape of container)
- definite volume
14
Q
Phases of matter: gas
A
- no definite shape
- no definite volume
- takes shape and volume of container
15
Q
solid to liquid
A
Melting/fusion
16
Q
Liquid to gas
A
Boiling/evaporation/vaporization
17
Q
Gas to liquid
A
Condensation
18
Q
Liquid to solid
A
Freezing/solidification/crystallization
19
Q
Solid to gas
A
Sublimation
20
Q
Gas to solid
A
Deposition
21
Q
——->
A
Endothermic
22
Q
A
Exothermic
23
Q
Physical changes
A
- phase change
- dissolving
- cutting/grinding
24
Q
Chemical changes
A
- burning
- rusting
- reacting
25
Heat of fusion
Heat is required to change one gram of a solid to a liquid
26
Heat of vaporizations
Heat is required to change one gram of a liquid to a gas
27
What to hydrogen bonds cause
Very very high boiling points
28
Vapor
Used for a substance that is a solid if liquid at room temp. and is in the gas phase
29
Vapor pressure
The pressure exerted by a gas over a liquid
30
As temperature goes up...
Vapor pressure goes up
31
As temp. goes down...
Vapor temperature goes down
32
Normal boiling point @ standard pressure
101.3 KpA
1 atm
760 torr
760 mm Hg
33
Low boiling point =
- Weak attractions
| - high vapor pressure
34
High boiling point =
- strong attractions
| - low vapor pressure
35
As pressure goes up...
Boiling point goes up
36
As pressure goes down...
Boiling point goes down
37
Substance
Pure
38
Substance: Element
Cannot be decomposed by chemical change
39
Substance: Compound
Two or more elements chemically combine
40
Mixture
Two or more substance physically combine
41
Homogeneous mixture (solution)
Particles are uniformly mixed
Cannot see different parts
Ex: NaCl (aq), air
42
Heterogenous mixture
Particles are not uniformly mixed
You can see the diff parts
Ex: soil, oil & water
43
• •
| o
Mixture of elements
44
* • •o•
| * •
Mixture of a compound and a diatomic element
45
o• o•
o•
Compound
46
* •
| * •
Diatomic element
47
Separation of mixtures
1. Filtration
2. Boiling/evaporation
3. Chromatography
4. Distillation
5. Magnets
6. Density
7. Separatory funnel
8. Appearance
48
Energy
Joule (j)
Or
Calorie (cal)
