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Chemistry 10 Honors > Matter and Change > Flashcards

Matter and Change Flashcards

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1
Q

the study of the composition structure and properties of matter, processes that matter undergoes and the energy changes that accompany these processes

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

as early as 500 BCE the greeks developed this idea stating that everything is composed entirely of variously imperishable indivisible elements called atomos.

A

Atomism

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3
Q

anything that has mass and takes up space

A

Matter

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4
Q

measure of the amount of matter present

A

Mass

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5
Q

matter with a uniform and constant composition, pure,

A

Substance

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6
Q

the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element

A

atoms

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7
Q

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of element (atoms)

A

element

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8
Q

a pure substance in which atoms of two or more elements have combined chemically in a fixed proportion

A

compound

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9
Q

depend on the amount of matter present (mass, length, volume)

A

extensive properties

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10
Q

are constant regardless of the AMOUNT of matter (density, boiling point, conductivity)

A

intensive properties

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11
Q

properties that can be observed without changing the composition or identity of the sample (density)

A

physical properties

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12
Q

the ratio of mass to volume of a sample of matter

A

Density

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13
Q

temperature at which a liquid vaporizes

A

boiling point

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14
Q

temperature at which a solid melts

A

melting point

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15
Q

the ability to conduct electricity

A

electrical conductivity

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16
Q

the ability to be drawn into wires

A

ductility

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17
Q

the ability to be hammered into sheets

A

malleability

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18
Q

changes in matter in which the matter’s identity is not changed

A

physical changes

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19
Q

changes in shape, size, phase changes, crystallization, and dissolution

A

Physical changes include

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20
Q

definite shape and volume

A

solids have a..

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21
Q

definite volume but no definite shape

A

liquids have a …. but no…

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22
Q

definite shape nor definite volume

A

gases have neither a…

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23
Q

the shape of its container

A

a gas takes…

24
Q

a gas like mixture of positively and negatively charged particles; most common state

A

Plasmas

25
Q

the gaseous state of a substance that is normally a solid or liquid at room temperature

A

vapor

26
Q

properties of matter relating to how a sample interacts with other samples

A

chemical properties

27
Q

changes in matter in which the matters identity is changed

A

chemical changes

28
Q

the formation of new substances with different properties

A

chemical changes result in..

29
Q

a change in which one or more substances are converted into new substances

A

chemical reactions

30
Q

starting substances

A

reactants

31
Q

new substances formed by reactants, represented by chemical equations

A

products

32
Q

a combination of 2+ pure substances

A

mixture

33
Q

a mixture in which the substances are not uniformly mixed and remain distinct, more than one physical state may be present

A

heterogeneous mixtures

34
Q

a mixture in which the substances are uniformly mixed and are indistinct; only one physical state present

A

homogeneous mixtures

35
Q

the substance that is dissolved

A

solute

36
Q

the dissolving agent

A

solvent

37
Q

solutions in which 2 solids are mixed

A

alloys

38
Q

solutions in which water is the solvent

A

aqueous solutions

39
Q

used for separating heterogeneous mixtures

A

filtration

40
Q

used for separating homogeneous mixtures using differences in boiling point, one with lower boiling point boils out first

A

distillation

41
Q

used for separating dissolved solids from solutions by allowing them to crystallize out of a solution

A

crystallization

42
Q

used for separating dissolved substances by allowing them to flow through a medium

A

chromatography

43
Q

elements that exist as single unbonded atoms

A

monatomic elements

44
Q

elements that exist as molecules of two atoms of the element bonded together

A

diatomic elements

45
Q

a way of organizing elements based on their chemical and physical properties

A

periodic table

46
Q

columns; elements within a group have similar properties

A

groups and families

47
Q

rows

A

periods

48
Q

elements left of the stair step; luster, good conductors, malleable and ductile

A

metals

49
Q

elements to the right of the stair step; gas at room temp; no luster, poor conductors, not malleable or ductile

A

non- metals

50
Q

share properties of metals and non metals

A

metalloids

51
Q

(fixed ratios) a compound will always have the same elements in the same proportions

A

law of definite proportions

52
Q

the number of atoms following the atomic symbol

A

subscript

53
Q

1-3 letters, first letter is always capitalized

A

atomic symbols

54
Q

in order to observe chemical properties matter must usually ____ with another sample

A

react

55
Q

particles are held together by…

A

strong attractive forces

Chemistry 10 Honors (1 decks)

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