Matter and Change

Question 1

the study of the composition structure and properties of matter, processes that matter undergoes and the energy changes that accompany these processes

Answer 1

Chemistry

Question 2

as early as 500 BCE the greeks developed this idea stating that everything is composed entirely of variously imperishable indivisible elements called atomos.

Answer 2

Atomism

Question 3

anything that has mass and takes up space

Answer 3

Matter

Question 4

measure of the amount of matter present

Answer 4

Mass

Question 5

matter with a uniform and constant composition, pure,

Answer 5

Substance

Question 6

the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element

Answer 6

atoms

Question 7

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of element (atoms)

Answer 7

element

Question 8

a pure substance in which atoms of two or more elements have combined chemically in a fixed proportion

Answer 8

compound

Question 9

depend on the amount of matter present (mass, length, volume)

Answer 9

extensive properties

Question 10

are constant regardless of the AMOUNT of matter (density, boiling point, conductivity)

Answer 10

intensive properties

Question 11

properties that can be observed without changing the composition or identity of the sample (density)

Answer 11

physical properties

Question 12

the ratio of mass to volume of a sample of matter

Answer 12

Density

Question 13

temperature at which a liquid vaporizes

Answer 13

boiling point

Question 14

temperature at which a solid melts

Answer 14

melting point

Question 15

the ability to conduct electricity

Answer 15

electrical conductivity

Question 16

the ability to be drawn into wires

Answer 16

ductility

Question 17

the ability to be hammered into sheets

Answer 17

malleability

Question 18

changes in matter in which the matter’s identity is not changed

Answer 18

physical changes

Question 19

changes in shape, size, phase changes, crystallization, and dissolution

Answer 19

Physical changes include

Question 20

definite shape and volume

Answer 20

solids have a..

Question 21

definite volume but no definite shape

Answer 21

liquids have a …. but no…

Question 22

definite shape nor definite volume

Answer 22

gases have neither a…

Question 23

the shape of its container

Answer 23

a gas takes…

Question 24

a gas like mixture of positively and negatively charged particles; most common state

Answer 24

Plasmas

Question 25

the gaseous state of a substance that is normally a solid or liquid at room temperature

Answer 25

vapor

Question 26

properties of matter relating to how a sample interacts with other samples

Answer 26

chemical properties

Question 27

changes in matter in which the matters identity is changed

Answer 27

chemical changes

Question 28

the formation of new substances with different properties

Answer 28

chemical changes result in..

Question 29

a change in which one or more substances are converted into new substances

Answer 29

chemical reactions

Question 30

starting substances

Answer 30

reactants

Question 31

new substances formed by reactants, represented by chemical equations

Answer 31

products

Question 32

a combination of 2+ pure substances

Answer 32

mixture

Question 33

a mixture in which the substances are not uniformly mixed and remain distinct, more than one physical state may be present

Answer 33

heterogeneous mixtures

Question 34

a mixture in which the substances are uniformly mixed and are indistinct; only one physical state present

Answer 34

homogeneous mixtures

Question 35

the substance that is dissolved

Answer 35

solute

Question 36

the dissolving agent

Answer 36

solvent

Question 37

solutions in which 2 solids are mixed

Answer 37

alloys

Question 38

solutions in which water is the solvent

Answer 38

aqueous solutions

Question 39

used for separating heterogeneous mixtures

Answer 39

filtration

Question 40

used for separating homogeneous mixtures using differences in boiling point, one with lower boiling point boils out first

Answer 40

distillation

Question 41

used for separating dissolved solids from solutions by allowing them to crystallize out of a solution

Answer 41

crystallization

Question 42

used for separating dissolved substances by allowing them to flow through a medium

Answer 42

chromatography

Question 43

elements that exist as single unbonded atoms

Answer 43

monatomic elements

Question 44

elements that exist as molecules of two atoms of the element bonded together

Answer 44

diatomic elements

Question 45

a way of organizing elements based on their chemical and physical properties

Answer 45

periodic table

Question 46

columns; elements within a group have similar properties

Answer 46

groups and families

Question 47

rows

Answer 47

periods

Question 48

elements left of the stair step; luster, good conductors, malleable and ductile

Answer 48

metals

Question 49

elements to the right of the stair step; gas at room temp; no luster, poor conductors, not malleable or ductile

Answer 49

non- metals

Question 50

share properties of metals and non metals

Answer 50

metalloids

Question 51

(fixed ratios) a compound will always have the same elements in the same proportions

Answer 51

law of definite proportions

Question 52

the number of atoms following the atomic symbol

Answer 52

subscript

Question 53

1-3 letters, first letter is always capitalized

Answer 53

atomic symbols

Question 54

in order to observe chemical properties matter must usually ____ with another sample

Answer 54

react

Question 55

particles are held together by...

Answer 55

strong attractive forces