Matter Flashcards
alloy
a homogeneous mixture of metals, or a mixture of a metal and a non-metal in which the metal is the major component
brittleness
a material’s ability to absorb energy before fracturing
chemical change
any change that results in the formation of a new chemical substance
chemical property
a characteristic of a substance that’s observed during a chemical reaction
chromatography
parts of a mixture are separated based on the ability of each dissolved component to travel through materials at different speeds
combustibility
occurs when a material catches fire at a temperature above 43 degrees Celsius
compound
any substance formed from two or more elements that have been joined together chemically
condensation
the phase change that occurs when water vapor cools down to form liquid water
condensation point
the temperature at which a gas turns into a liquid at standard pressure
crystallization
the separation of a pure solid substance from a solution containing the dissolved substance
density
the amount of mass per unit volume
deposition
when a gas changes directly into a solid without going through the liquid phase
distillation
the process that separates homogeneous mixtures based on the different boiling points of the substances
enthalpy
the amount of heat in a system at constant pressure
evaporation
occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into a gas
filtration
a physical process used to separate solids from liquids by passing them through a barrier
flammability
occurs when a material catches fire at a temperature below 43 degrees celcius
freezing
when a liquid turns into a solid
freezing point
the temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid
heterogeneous mixture
a combination of two or more substances in which the original substances are separated into physical distinct regions
homogeneous mixture
a combination of two or more substances that have uniform composition and chemical properties throughout; also known as a solution
intermolecular force
any force that can hold or repel particles
malleability
how readily a material’s shape can be changed
matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
melting
when a solid turns into a liquid
melting point
the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid
mixture
a combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties
phase change
a special type of physical change in which a substance transitions among the states of matter, solid, liquid, and gas, but the chemical properties of the substance remain the same
physical change
a change which alters a substance without altering its composition
physical property
a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical makeup of a substance. Types include color, odor, texture, boiling point, melting point, and density
reactivity
the relative ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction
solution
a combination of two or more substances that have uniform composition and chemical properties throughout; also known as a homogeneous mixture
sublimation
when a solid transistions into a gas without going through the liquid phase
temperature
a measure of the random kinetic energy in a sample of matter
vaporization
the phase change from liquid to gas
