Matter Flashcards
alloy
a homogeneous mixture of metals, or a mixture of a metal and a non-metal in which the metal is the major component.
brittleness
a material’s ability to absorb energy before fracturing.
chemical change
any change that results in the formation of a new chemical substance.
chemical property
a characteristic of a substance that’s observed during a chemical reaction.
chromatography
parts of a mixture are separated based on the ability of each dissolved component to travel through materials at different speeds.
combustibility
occurs when a material catches fire at a temperature above 43 degrees celcius.
compound
any substance formed from two or more elements that have been joined together chemically.
condensation
the phase change that occurs when water vapor cools down to form liquid water.
condensation point
the temperature at which a gas turns into a liquid at standard pressure.
crystallization
the separation of a pure solid substance from a solution containing the dissolved substance.
density
the amount of mass per unit volume.
deposition
when a gas changes directly into a solid without going through the liquid phase.
distillation
the process that separates homogenous mixtures based on the different boiling points of the substances.
enthalpy
the amount of heat in a system at constant pressure.
evaporation
occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into a gas.
filtration
a physical process used to separate solids from liquids by passing them through a barrier.
flammability
occurs when a material catches fire at a temperature below 43 degrees celcius.
freezing
when a liquid turns into a solid.
freezing point
the temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid.
heterogeneous mixture
a combination of two or more substances in which the original substances are separated into physical distinct regions.
homogeneous mixture
a combination of two or more substances that have uniform composition and chemical properties throughout; also known as a solution.
intermolecular force
any force that can hold or repel particles.
malleability
how readily a material’s shape can be changed.
matter
anything that has mass and takes up space.
melting
when a solid turns into a liquid.
melting point
the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid.
mixture
a combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties.
phase change
a special type of physical change in which a substance transitions among the states of matter, solid, liquid, and gas, but the chemical properties of the substance remain the same.
physical change
a change which alters a substance without altering its composition.
physical property
a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical makeup of a substance. Types include color, odor, texture, boiling point, melting point, and density.
reactivity
the relative ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction.
solution
a combination of two or more substances that have uniform composition and chemical properties throughout; also known as a homogeneous mixture.
sublimation
when a solid transistions into a gas without going through the liquid phase.
temperature
a measure of the random kinetic energy in a sample of matter.
vaporization
the phase change from liquid to gas.
