Matter Flashcards
What charge is a proton
Positive
What charge is neutron
Neutral
What charge is an electron
Negative
What is the position and mass of a proton
Nucleus, 1
What is the position and mass of a neutron
Nucleus, 1
What is the position and mass of a electron
Shell, 1/2000
How many electrons does aluminium have
13
What is the atomic number
The number of protons
What is the mass number
Number of protons plus the amount of neutrons
What’s an element
A substance made from one type of atom
chemical symbols for hydrogen, aluminium, magnesium and sodium?
H, Al, Mg and Na
What’s a atom?
The smallest part of an element that can exist on its own.
What are the differences in atoms?
Atoms that make up an element are the same however atoms of a different element are different.
Do atoms have the same properties as the element?
No, one atom by itself does not share the same properties. Atoms joined together do.
What’s a compound?
Where two or more elements strongly join together.
What’s a molecule?
A molecule is two or more atoms strongly joined together.
What elements make up water?
Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
What is a salt?
A salt is a scientific name for a compound of sodium and chlorine. Sodium chloride.
What makes up carbon dioxide?
One carbon atom and two oxygen atoms.
What’s the name for sulphur plus 3 oxygen atoms?
Sulphur trioxide.
What’s the name for sodium plus chlorine?
Sodium chloride. If you add an element onto let’s say chlorine you take away the -ine and add -ide.
Chemical formula for carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide?
CO2, CO
What happens when there are more than two elements in a compound?
The third element tends to be a various number of oxygen atoms. This just means you change the the suffix into -ate (hydrogen being the exception). For example: copper sulphate
Chemical formula for: sodium hydroxide, sodium nitrate, copper sulphate and calcium carbonate?
NaOH, NaNO3, CuSO4, CaCO3. In all these formulae there are three elements.
What’s a polymer
A very lonk substance with repeated molecules. UwU
Why do polythenes have high melting points?
Because there molecules are big.
Name some natural polymers.
Wool, cotton, starch, rubber and grass.
Name some synthetic polymers.
LDPE: molecules slide over each other, flexible, strong, used for carrier bags.
HDPE: Strong, flexible, harder than LDPE, smooth, used for artificial knee joints.
What are the columns in the periodic table?
The columns are called groups and they tell you what elements are similar to each other. Each group has different numbers to tell you how many electrons are on their atom’s shells. Their are of course some exceptions.
What’s a row called in the periodic table?
The rows are called periods and they order and trend the elements in the table.
Properties of group 1:
Lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, francium
- are called alkali metals
- good conductors of heat and electricity
- shiny when cut
- both melting and boiling points decrease when going down the group
- reactivity increases when going down the group
- reactive well with water and group 7
- when react with water create hydrogen gas
Properties of group 7:
Florine (gas), chlorine(gas), bromine(liquid), iodine(solid), astatine(solid)
- called halogens
- aren’t good at conducting electricity
- the melting and boiling point increases when going down the group
- reactivity decreases when going down the group
- react well with group 1
- the halogens at the top of the group displace ones at the bottom
Properties of group 0:
Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon
- called noble gases
- don’t conduct anything
- melting and boiling points increase as you go down the group
- unreactive
- Don’t reactive with the other groups
