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Matter > Matter > Flashcards

Matter Flashcards

1
Q

The scientific study of matter and the physical and chemical changes of matter.

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

Anything that occupies space and has weight.

Ex: nails, hair, skin. Water and oxygen.

A

Matter

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3
Q

Some matter is living and some matter is not. It is the presence of the element ________ that distinguishes living matter from non living matter.

A

Carbon

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4
Q

Two divisions of Chemistry for each kind of matter

All matter that is living or was alive at one timen - with carbon present - plants and animals:

Matter that is not alive or has never been alive - no carbon present - rocks, water, minerals:

A

Organic Chemistry

Inorganic Chemistry

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5
Q

Matter exists in three basic forms

A

Solid
Liquid
Gas

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6
Q

Matter with definite weight, volume and shape

A

Solid

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7
Q

Matter with definite weight and volume, but no shape

A

Liquid

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8
Q

Matter with definite weight but indefinite volume and shape.

A

Gas

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9
Q

Matter can be changed from one form nin two ways:

A

Physical change

Chemical change

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10
Q

A change in the physical characteristics of a substance without creating a new substance

Ex: melting ice or freezing water, breaking a glass, shredding paper

A

Physical change

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11
Q

A change in a substance that creates a new substance with chemical characteristics different from those of the original substance

Ex: iron changing to rust, hair color change by mixing color and hydrogen peroxide.

A

Chemical change

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12
Q

Basic substances that can not be broken down into simpler substances.
All matter consists of atoms which make up ________

A

Elements

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13
Q

Hair comprises two solids:

And three gases:

A

COHNS

Carbon and sulfur
Hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen

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14
Q

The most abundant element in the earth’s crust, and the second most abundant element in the earth’s atmosphere

A

Oxygen

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15
Q

The smallest complete unit of an element

A

Atom

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16
Q

Three main parts of an atom

A

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

17
Q

Protons and neutrons pack together tightly to form a dense core or _____ at the center of the atom. Electrons move about the neuclus on orbiting paths at nearly the speed of light

A

Neucleus

18
Q

Protons

A

Positive electrical charge

Identify the atom (as, for example, hydrogen or oxygen…)

19
Q

Neutrons

A

No electrical charge - neutral charge

Determines the weight of the atom

20
Q

Electrons

A

Negative electrical charge.

Help atoms unite with other atoms to form bonds

21
Q

The atomic number indicates how many _______ are in a single atom

Which element has the simplest atomic structure?

A

Protons

Hydrogen is 1 - only 1 proton and 1 electron.

22
Q

The chemical behavior of an atom depends on the number of _______ in its outermost orbiting path or shell.

Stable vs unstable atoms

A

Electrons

Stable atoms: are not missing any electron sin their outer shell

Unstable atoms: missing electrons - these atoms seek other atoms to share electrons. When they combine they create complex units know as molecules.

23
Q

When two or more atoms are joined together by a chemical bond.

Formed when unstable atoms combine by sharing electrons

A

Molecule

24
Q

Amino acids are chemical compounds consisting of:

They join together to create _______

A

Compounds consisting of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen.

Proteins

25
Q

Hair is a form of protein called

A

Keratin
Hair is 97% keratin, 3% trace minerals
Keratin contains 19 amino acids

26
Q

The chain or __________ , makes each type of protein one of a kind

A

The order in which amino acids link together

27
Q

The amino acids that create protein are linked together end to ende by a __________ also know as an _______

Formed when two amino acids are positioned end to end and attach to eachother

A

Peptide bond

End bond

28
Q

The backbone of all protein molecules

A

Peptide bond

29
Q

When thousands of amino acids are linked together lengthwise to form a chain

A

Polypeptide bond

30
Q

When doing hair remember:
Hair is the linking together of :
Do not disturb the:

A

Protein groups

Peptide bonds

31
Q

When amino acids combine to form the keratin protein of hair they take on a spiral configuration and link together by four _____

When performing chemical services it’s ok to alter this bond

A

Side bonds

Hydrogen bond
Salt bond
Disulfide bond
Van der walls forces

32
Q

Unlike charges attract

Weak bonds that can be broken by heat or water.

They give hair their shape

Gives hair 35% of its strength

A

Hydrogen bonds

33
Q

Unlike charges attract

Help organize protein chains

Account for another 35% of hair’s resistance to change

Not very strong bonds, can be weaker by water

A

Salt bonds

34
Q

These bonds can be altered by water and re shaped using heat

What will always restore the original hydrogen and salt bonds

A

Hydrogen and salt bonds

Humidity

35
Q

Sulfur-containing side bonds

Most important bonds to hair stylists

Can be chemically changed for lasting results
Ex: perms and relaxers

A

Disulfide Bond

Matter (1 decks)

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