Matter Flashcards
Atom
The fundamental building g blocks of matter, forming a basis of all substances
Molecule
The smallest unit of a substance that retains all its properties and is made up of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
States of matter
Solid, liquid and gas
Subatomic particles
Atoms are composed of these even smaller particles; protons, neutrons and electrons
Define element
Collection of particles consisting of atoms that are the same
Define diatomic elements
Molecules composed of two of the same type of atom connected by a covalent bond. (N, O, F, Cl, Br, I and H)
Define compound
A pure substance with more than one type of atom chemically bonded in fixed proportions
Define mixture
A mixture is composed of different substances that are not chemically united, simply mixed together
Crystalline solids
Particles arranged in an orderly geometric pattern (salt & diamonds)
Amorphous solids
Parties that do not show a regular geometric pattern over a long range (plastic & glass)
The three fundamental chemical particles that make up elements, compounds and mixtures
Protons, neutrons and electrons
Ionic compounds
A chemical compound formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions held together by ionic bonds, resulting in a neutral overall charge
Covalent compound
Made when two or more nonmetal atoms bond by sharing valence electrons
Between atoms, molecules, elements, compounds and mixtures, which are pure substances?
Elements and compounds are pure substances
Compound formula
C6H12O6
Shows the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound
Molecular formula
P4O16
Shows the exact number of atoms of each elements in a molecule
Do mixtures have formulas?
No because individual substances keep their properties in a mixture
Homogenous mixture
Contains two or more substances that are evenly distributed with each other (steel)
Heterogeneous
A mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout the mixture (soup)
Physical property
A characteristic that can be observed/measured without changing the substances identity or chemical composition. (color, density, hardness)
Chemical property
A characteristic of a substance that can only be observed or measured when the substance undergoes a chemical change and transforms into a different type of matter. (Flammability, toxicity, solubility)
For elements, compounds and mixtures, which can be separated physically?
Mixtures are the only ones that can be separated physically since they are not chemically bonded. Elements and compounds require chemical or electrochemical methods.
Law of Conservation of Mass
Matter cannot be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. Ex. When wood is burned, the mass of the soot, ashes and gases equals the original mass of the charcoal and oxygen when it first reacted.
What are the scales for absolute and relative temperature?
Absolute temperature would be based on absolute zero (kelvin), Fahrenheit and Celsius scales are considered relative because they are based on temperature of water
On the scale of temperature, which is the largest, smallest?
Celsius and kelvin are the same size, and they are both largest than Fahrenheit
