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Chemistry > Matter > Flashcards

Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

Volume

A

The amount of space in an object

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2
Q

Mass

A

The amount of matter in an object

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3
Q

Density

A

Mass/Volume, the degree of compactness of matter in a given object.

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4
Q

Extensive Property

A

Depends on the amount of matter present, mass length volume

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5
Q

Intensive Property

A

Does not depend on the amount of matter present, always the same, internal

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6
Q

Physical property

A

A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing substance composition, hardness color, conductivity, melting, boiling points, or malleability.

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7
Q

Chemical Property

A

Ability of a substance to react with other substances, iron + oxygen = Rust

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8
Q

Filtration

A

Separation of a liquid from a solid by filtering it, Passing through a porous membrane.

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9
Q

Chromatography

A

Separation of a solution by allowing it to flow along stationary surfaces.

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10
Q

Element

A

A pure substance with one kind of atom, Raw ores.

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11
Q

Solid

A

A form of matter in which the particles are Tightly packed together, definite shape, definite volume

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12
Q

Liquid

A

A form of matter where the particles are packed together but are still able to move freely, no definite shape, definite volume

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13
Q

Gas

A

A form of matte where the particles are frantic and move freely away from each other, Indefinite Volume and Indefinite Shape.

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14
Q

Plasma

A

A form of matter that the particles are moving faster and more spread out than gas, Fluorescent lights, and stars.

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15
Q

Bose-Einstein Condensate

A

Form of matter where the particles are so close together they move in waves and they are more solid than the solid state of matter, the particles need to be cooled down to a very low temperature.

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16
Q

Quark-Gluon Plasma

A

A form of matter where particles move even faster than plasma, a soup of quarks and gluons. building blocks of matter. subatomic particles.

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17
Q

Degenerate Matter

A

Under extreme pressure, bose einstein condensate becomes Degenerative matter. found on neutron stars, pushes out electrons creating dense nuclei.

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18
Q

Pure Substance

A

Matter of one kind of material

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19
Q

Distillation

A

Evaporation of a liquid followed by condensation of its vapors. being collected in a distillation chamber.

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19
Q

Physical Change

A

A change that maintains its identity, Breaks, Cuts, Dissolving, Melting, Boiling, and Freezing, Either irreversible or reversible.

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20
Q

Chemical Change

A

Produces a new substance, Burning, Rusting, Cooking, Decomposing, Almost always IRREVERSIBLE.

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21
Q

Magnetism

A

When a material has a pull or attraction to another material.

22
Q

Compound

A

2 + elements that are Chemically combined, New substance, Different properties. Quartz Sand Water, look out for multiple capitals

23
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has Volume and Mass

24
Q

Mixture

A

Matter of 2 + kids of materials NOT CHEMICALLY COMBINED

25
Q

Homogeneous Mixture

A

The same throughout, sometimes called a solution.

26
Q

Heterogeneous Mixture

A

Different throughout, Pickle brine, Gravel, Spaghetti

27
Q

Solution

A

Saline, Sugar Water, and Alloys, there is no visible differences.

28
Q

Sublimination

A

When an item goes from solid directly to gas, dry ice

29
Q

Simple Crystallization

A

Evaporation of the liquid in a solution leaves behind the crystals of the solid in the solution.

30
Q

Decanting

A

Separation of a liquid from a solid by pouring out the liquid leaving the solid.

31
Q

Precipitate

A

A solid that forms or is left behind by a chemical reaction has specks of something solid in the solution after the chemical reaction occurs.

32
Q

Law of Conservation of Mass/Matter

A

In a reaction, matter cannot be created or destroyed. This means that the mass of all reactants in a reaction will equal the mass of all the products.

33
Q

Density Column

A

A column density is the number of units of matter observed along a line of sight that has an area of observation.

34
Q

Alloy

A

a metal made by combining two or more metallic elements,

35
Q

Describe two types of pure substances and of mixtures, including differences & similarities.

A

Pure substances include elements and compounds. Elements consist of a single type of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler substances, while compounds are formed by the chemical combination of different elements in fixed ratios. Mixtures can be homogeneous (uniform distribution of components) or heterogeneous (non-uniform distribution), and they can vary in composition, unlike pure substances. Both mixtures and pure substances can undergo physical and chemical changes, but pure substances have fixed properties and compositions, whereas mixtures exhibit variable properties and can be separated through physical means.

36
Q

Name and describe the three classical states of matter. Sketch the particle arrangement for each one.

A

The three classical states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. In a solid, particles are tightly packed together in a fixed arrangement, with strong intermolecular forces holding them in place. In a liquid, particles are still close together, but they can move past each other, leading to a lack of a fixed shape. In a gas, particles are widely spaced and move independently, with weak intermolecular forces, allowing the gas to fill the entire container.

37
Q

How many others can you identify and describe?

A

In addition to the three classical states of matter (solid, liquid, and gas), there are two other notable states: plasma, which consists of ionized particles and conducts electricity, and Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC), which forms at extremely low temperatures and exhibits quantum behavior, rendering its atoms indistinguishable. These additional states expand our understanding of matter’s behavior under specific conditions, such as extreme temperatures and quantum effects.

38
Q

How many total states of matter are there currently?

A

32

39
Q

Explain why samples of gold and copper can have the same extensive properties but not the same intensive properties.

A

Samples of gold and copper can share the same extensive properties (like mass and volume) because those depend on the quantity. However, their different atomic structures mean they have different intensive properties (like density and conductivity) inherent to each substance, independent of quantity.

40
Q

In general, when would you use filtration to separate a mixture?

A

When you have sand and salt mixed together and you want to separate them

41
Q

When would you use distillation to separate a mixture?

A

When you want to distil water

42
Q

Liquid A and Liquid B are clear liquids. They are placed in open containers and allowed to evaporate. When evaporation is complete, there is a white solid in container B but no solid in container A. From these results, what can you infer about the two liquids?

A

the presence of a white solid in container B and the absence of a solid in container A imply that Liquid A and Liquid B have different compositions, with Liquid B being a solution that contained a white solid solute, while Liquid A may not have contained such a solute.

43
Q

Name four possible clues that a chemical change has taken place.

A

Transfer of Energy, Color Change, Gas Production, Formation of a Precipitate

44
Q

What is the main difference between Physical Changes and Chemical Changes?

A

physical changes involve alterations in the physical properties of a substance without changing its chemical composition, while chemical changes result in the creation of new substances with different chemical properties through the rearrangement of atoms or molecules.

45
Q

According to the LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS, when is mass(or matter) conserved?

A

the total number of atoms of each element involved in a chemical reaction remains the same before and after the reaction.

46
Q

Explain why mass cannot be used as a property to IDENTIFY a sample of matter.

A

Because many different things have the same mass.

47
Q

Name two Physical Properties. What is a Chemical Property?

A

Cutting, Melting.

48
Q

Devise a way to separate SAND from a mixture of sand, charcoal, sugar, and water. You only want to save/collect the sand. Consider using sketches to illustrate your process.

A

On your own buddy

49
Q

If you were offered a gold or silver coin and you did not know where it came from or how it was made, how you determine if the coin was real gold or silver? Assume you don’t want to damage it.

A

Magnet Test: Silver is not magnetic, so if the coin is attracted to a magnet, it is likely not genuine silver. Gold is also not magnetic.

50
Q

Show your calculations to find the density of a regularly shaped rectangular steel beam intended for construction. The dimensions are: length = 10 meters, height = 1 meter, width = 0.5 meters. Mass = 81.6 kilograms. Why is knowledge of the beam’s density useful?

A

DIY

51
Q

Write the procedure to find the density of an irregularly shaped object, such as a seashell.

A

USE GRADUATED CYLLENDER

52
Q

As Halloween approached, we saw three phenomena: #1: Sacrifice of a Gummy Bear, #2: Glow Stick Chemistry, and #3: Sublimination of Dry Ice. Think about what you observed and experienced, then label each phenomenon as a physical or chemical change and provide evidence to support your claim.

A
53
Q

Describe two metallurgical processes which were conducted in the penny alchemy lab.

A

Chemistry (2 decks)

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