Matter Flashcards
what is chemistry
3 points
- study of matter (composition, structure, and properties)
- changes it undergoes
- energy involved in these changes
what is matter
- physical material
- has space and mass
what is property
- observable & describable
- to distinguish the object
what are the states of matter
solid, liquid, gas
describe structure of solid
4 points
- little to no spaces in between
- vibrates in place
- has definite shape and volume
- regular pattern
describe structure of liquid
4 points
- bigger spaces in between than solids
- flows easily
- IMFA holds them together
- no definite shape but has definite volume
describe structure of gas
4 points
- bigger spaces in between than liquids
- little IMFA
- highest kinetic energy
- no definite shape and volume
describe plasma
3 pts
- atoms lose their electron at very high temperatures
- mixture of electrons and nuclei
- found after gas
describe bose-einstein condensate
- at 0K
- KE is very small
- condensation before solid
how is matter classified
- through physical separation
- either pure substance (either element or compound; separated chemically) or mixture (homo/heterogenous; can be separated physically)
what is pure substance
fixed composition; distinct quality; one kind of particle (atom/molecules)
what is element
one atom; cannot be broken down by chemical means
what is a molecule
combination of atoms
what is a compound
atoms of two or more elements separated by chemical means
are all compounds molecules?
All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds (bec. of diatomic atoms)
what is a mixture
combination of two/more substances with distinct identities
homo (composition same throughout like solution) & hetero (composition distinct like precipitate/salad)
what are the two properties of matter
chemical (reaction -> another substance) & physical (no chemical reaction)
kinds of chemical properties
CoCoFlaTo/StOxCoo/ReBoEn
- corrosion
- combustion
- flammability
- toxicity
- chemical stability
- oxidation state
- coordination number
- reactivity
- chemical bonds
- enthalpy (endo/exothermic)
kinds of physical properties (2QTIE)
quali & quanti; intensive & extensive
kinds of quali physical properties
5
physical state, odor, color, crystal shape, malleability
kinds of quanti physical properties
5 (boiling ice to water in glass)
boiling, melting, density, solubility, conductor/insulator
kinds of intensive properties
- independent on amnt of sample
- density, melting, color, pressure, freezing point, specific heat
kinds of extensive properties
- dependent on amount of sample
- mass, volume, length, size, weight, heat capacity, enthalphy, entropy
what are the changes of matter
physical & chemical change
what is chemical change
with chemical reaction; change in composition
like ripening/rusting
what is physical change
change in physical identity
evap, melting
physical indicators of chemical change
4 pts
- color change
- formation of gas
- precipitate
- change in temp (endo/exo rxn)
physical changes example
crumpling, cutting, dissolving, crushing, melting
kinds of physical separation
filtration, distillation, magnet
What is the basis of separation for physical & chemical techniques?
different physical & chemical properties
what is energy
to work or change in matter
nine kinds of energy
KiPoTheChe/3EleSoNu
kinetic, potential, thermal, chemical, electrical, electrochemical, electromagnetic, sound, nuclear
what is the transition frequency of Cs
91 92 63 17 70 Hz
what is the speed of light in vacuum
3 m s-1
what is plank’s constant
6.6 x 10^-34 Joules second
what is the elementary charge
1.602 x 10^-19 Coloumbs
what is Boltzmann’s constant
1.381 x 10^-23 Joules K-1
what is Avogadro’s constant
6.02 x 10^23 = 1 mol
what is luminous efficacy
683 lm W-1
what is mass
quantity of matter in an object
what is weight
effect of gravity on mass
W=g*m (gravitational constant * mass)
what is density
amnt of matter per unit volume
intensive property
density=mass/volume
what is percent composition
(mass/total mass) * 100%
what is temperature
hotness or coldness of an object
direction of heat flow
what is heat
energy from high temp to low temp
solving celsius to kelvin
K = °C + 273.15
solving celsius to farenheit
°F = (9/5)(°C) + 32
solving farenheit to celsius
°C = (5/9)(°F - 32)
