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Chem 16 > Matter > Flashcards

Matter Flashcards

1
Q

what is chemistry

3 points

A
  • study of matter (composition, structure, and properties)
  • changes it undergoes
  • energy involved in these changes
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2
Q

what is matter

A
  • physical material
  • has space and mass
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3
Q

what is property

A
  • observable & describable
  • to distinguish the object
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4
Q

what are the states of matter

A

solid, liquid, gas

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5
Q

describe structure of solid

4 points

A
  • little to no spaces in between
  • vibrates in place
  • has definite shape and volume
  • regular pattern
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6
Q

describe structure of liquid

4 points

A
  • bigger spaces in between than solids
  • flows easily
  • IMFA holds them together
  • no definite shape but has definite volume
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7
Q

describe structure of gas

4 points

A
  • bigger spaces in between than liquids
  • little IMFA
  • highest kinetic energy
  • no definite shape and volume
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8
Q

describe plasma

3 pts

A
  • atoms lose their electron at very high temperatures
  • mixture of electrons and nuclei
  • found after gas
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9
Q

describe bose-einstein condensate

A
  • at 0K
  • KE is very small
  • condensation before solid
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10
Q

how is matter classified

A
  • through physical separation
  • either pure substance (either element or compound; separated chemically) or mixture (homo/heterogenous; can be separated physically)
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11
Q

what is pure substance

A

fixed composition; distinct quality; one kind of particle (atom/molecules)

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12
Q

what is element

A

one atom; cannot be broken down by chemical means

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13
Q

what is a molecule

A

combination of atoms

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14
Q

what is a compound

A

atoms of two or more elements separated by chemical means

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15
Q

are all compounds molecules?

A

All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds (bec. of diatomic atoms)

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16
Q

what is a mixture

A

combination of two/more substances with distinct identities
homo (composition same throughout like solution) & hetero (composition distinct like precipitate/salad)

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17
Q

what are the two properties of matter

A

chemical (reaction -> another substance) & physical (no chemical reaction)

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18
Q

kinds of chemical properties

CoCoFlaTo/StOxCoo/ReBoEn

A
  • corrosion
  • combustion
  • flammability
  • toxicity
  • chemical stability
  • oxidation state
  • coordination number
  • reactivity
  • chemical bonds
  • enthalpy (endo/exothermic)
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19
Q

kinds of physical properties (2QTIE)

A

quali & quanti; intensive & extensive

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20
Q

kinds of quali physical properties

5

A

physical state, odor, color, crystal shape, malleability

21
Q

kinds of quanti physical properties

5 (boiling ice to water in glass)

A

boiling, melting, density, solubility, conductor/insulator

22
Q

kinds of intensive properties

A
  • independent on amnt of sample
  • density, melting, color, pressure, freezing point, specific heat
23
Q

kinds of extensive properties

A
  • dependent on amount of sample
  • mass, volume, length, size, weight, heat capacity, enthalphy, entropy
24
Q

what are the changes of matter

A

physical & chemical change

25
Q

what is chemical change

A

with chemical reaction; change in composition
like ripening/rusting

26
Q

what is physical change

A

change in physical identity
evap, melting

27
Q

physical indicators of chemical change

4 pts

A
  • color change
  • formation of gas
  • precipitate
  • change in temp (endo/exo rxn)
28
Q

physical changes example

A

crumpling, cutting, dissolving, crushing, melting

29
Q

kinds of physical separation

A

filtration, distillation, magnet

30
Q

What is the basis of separation for physical & chemical techniques?

A

different physical & chemical properties

31
Q

what is energy

A

to work or change in matter

32
Q

nine kinds of energy

KiPoTheChe/3EleSoNu

A

kinetic, potential, thermal, chemical, electrical, electrochemical, electromagnetic, sound, nuclear

33
Q

what is the transition frequency of Cs

A

91 92 63 17 70 Hz

34
Q

what is the speed of light in vacuum

A

3 m s-1

35
Q

what is plank’s constant

A

6.6 x 10^-34 Joules second

36
Q

what is the elementary charge

A

1.602 x 10^-19 Coloumbs

37
Q

what is Boltzmann’s constant

A

1.381 x 10^-23 Joules K-1

38
Q

what is Avogadro’s constant

A

6.02 x 10^23 = 1 mol

39
Q

what is luminous efficacy

A

683 lm W-1

40
Q

what is mass

A

quantity of matter in an object

41
Q

what is weight

A

effect of gravity on mass
W=g*m (gravitational constant * mass)

42
Q

what is density

A

amnt of matter per unit volume
intensive property
density=mass/volume

43
Q

what is percent composition

A

(mass/total mass) * 100%

44
Q

what is temperature

A

hotness or coldness of an object
direction of heat flow

45
Q

what is heat

A

energy from high temp to low temp

46
Q

solving celsius to kelvin

A

K = °C + 273.15

47
Q

solving celsius to farenheit

A

°F = (9/5)(°C) + 32

48
Q

solving farenheit to celsius

A

°C = (5/9)(°F - 32)

Chem 16 (3 decks)

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