Matsci Flashcards
1
Q
- The study of the nature, behavior, and use of materials
applied to science and technology
A
Material Science
2
Q
- It involves investigating the relationships that exist
between the structures and properties of materials
A
Material Science
3
Q
- An interdisciplinary field applying the properties
of matter to various areas of science and engineering.
A
Material Science
4
Q
Designing or engineering the structure of a material to
produce a predetermined set of properties
A
Material Engineering
5
Q
The structure of a material usually relates to the
arrangement of its internal components.
A
Structure
6
Q
A property is a material trait in terms of the kind and
magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus.
A
Property
7
Q
Fundamental Classes of Classification of Materials
A
- metallic
- ceramic
- polymeric
8
Q
Major Classes of Classification of Materials
A
- metals
- ceramics
- polymers
- composites
- advanced materials
9
Q
What are the main or fundamental classes of engineering
materials?
A
Metallic materials, polymeric materials and ceramic
materials
10
Q
Materials in this group are composed of one or more
metallic elements, and often also nonmetallic elements in
relatively small amounts.
A
Metals
11
Q
The electron band structure of metals is characterized by
a partially filled electron band.
A
metals
12
Q
Atoms in _______ and their alloys are arranged in a very orderly manner, and in comparison to the ceramics and
polymers, are relatively dense
A
metals
13
Q
Characteristics of?
Stiff and strong
- Ductile
- Resistant to fracture
- Extremely good conductors of electricity and heat
- Not transparent to visible light
- Has a lustrous appearance
- Some has magnetic properties
A
metals
14
Q
The addition of other elements into a metal
A
alloying
15
Q
The traditional process for making metallic components
begins with melting of the metal or alloy.
A
casting
16
Q
If the molten mass is poured into a mold of some type and
solidified, the process is called casting.
A
casting
17
Q
These materials have a large number of non-localized electrons, as an effect are very good conductors of electricity and heat. They are strong yet deformable, and
extensively used in structural applications.
A
metals
18
Q
Which of the following metals has the highest electrical
conductivity?
A
Silver, (if no copper)
19
Q
Which of the following is not a refractory metal?
A
lead
20
Q
What type of materials behaves like iron when placed in a
magnetic field?
A
ferromagnetic
21
Q
2 classifications for magnetic properties
A
- Paramagnetic
- Diamagnetic
22
Q
Weakly attracted to magnetic field
A
paramagnetic
23
Q
diamagnetic
A
Not attracted/repelled to magnetic
24
Q
This element is used in modern, super strong permanent
magnets because of their high coercivities
A
neodymium
25
This metal is alloyed with steel to give it corrosion
resistance properties, resulting in stainless steel.
chromium
26
What refers to the property of a substance to be repelled by
a magnet due to the presence of paired electrons?
diamagnetic
27
What metal has the lowest boiling temperature?
mercury
28
Which of the following is true about refractory metals?
Resistant to heat
29
Comes from the Greek word keramikos, which means
“burnt stuff”
ceramics
30
- The desirable properties of these materials are normally
achieved through a high-temperature heat treatment
process called firing
ceramics
31
- Compounds between metallic and nonmetallic elements
ceramics
32
They are most frequently oxides, nitrides, and carbides
ceramics
33
High melting point
- High hardness
- Extremely brittle
- Highly susceptible to fracture
- Typically insulative to the passage of heat and electricity
- More resistant to high temperatures and harsh
environments than metals and polymers
- May be transparent, translucent, or opaque
Characteristics of?
ceramics
34
Defined as super cooled liquids because they do not
crystallize when cooled below their melting points.
Glass
35
the principal component of the white wares and structural
clay products
clay
36
The materials that are employed at elevated temperatures
and often in reactive environments
refractories
37
Used to wear, grind, or cut away other material, which
necessarily is softer
- Diamond, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, corundum,
and silica sand are the most common examples
Abrasive ceramics
38
The characteristic feature of these materials is that when
mixed with water, they form a paste that subsequently sets
and hardens
cement
39
What are compounds of metallic and nonmetallic elements
called?
ceramics
40
What are compounds of metallic and nonmetallic elements
called?
ceramics
41
This refers to lowering the temperature of a liquid below its
melting point before it becomes solid.
supercooling
42
Oxides, nitrides and carbides are main compositional
classes of what type of material?
ceramics
43
The process where a physical mixture of carbide and
powdered metal is heated in order to solidify the powder
into single piece. (Application of ceramic)
sintering
44
The process of gluing the powders together with glasses to
form other ceramic materials.
Vitrification
45
_________ are composed of ceramics and metals
cermet
46
Ceramic materials are found on ________ on the periodic
table
1-5 (1a-5a)
47
_______ materials are approximately considered to be
those having a fracture strain of less than about 5%.
brittle
48
Which of the following is not a ceramic?
carbon
49
include the familiar plastic and rubber materials
polymers
50
- Many of them are organic compounds that are chemically
based on carbon, hydrogen, and other nonmetallic
elements (O,N, and Si)
polymer
51
- They have very large molecular structures, often chain-
like in nature that have a backbone of carbon atoms
polymers
52
- Common and familiar polymers are polyethylene (PE),nylon, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polycarbonate (PC),
polystyrene (PS), and silicone rubber, nylon, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polycarbonate (PC),
polystyrene (PS), and silicone rubber
polymers
53
In ceramics, the powder undergoes compression and heating in order to increase its strength and reduce its porosity
sintering
54
Characteristics of?
- Extremely ductile and pliable (i.e., plastic), which means
they are easily formed into complex shapes.
- Relatively inert chemically and unreactive in a large
number of environments.
- Tendency to soften and decompose at modest
temperatures
- Low electrical conductivities and are nonmagnetic.
Polymers
55
is the basic repeating unit of a polymer
Monomer or mers
56
Refers to the small molecule from which a polymer is
synthesized
________________
Monomers or mers
57
When all the repeating units along a chain are of the same
type
homopolymer
58
Chains may be composed of two or more different repeat
units
copolymer
59
Types of copolymer
1. Random
2. Alternating
3. block
60
4 types of polymer structure
Linear
Branch
Cross-linked
network
61
Are those in which the repeat units are joined together
end to end in single chains.
___________________________
linear
62
Polymers synthesized in which side - branch chains are
connected to the main ones
_____________________________
branch
63
Adjacent linear chains are joined one to another at various
positions by covalent bonds
____________________________
Crosslinked
64
Multifunctional monomers forming three or more active
covalent bonds, make three-dimensional networks
network
65
The term “blend” (polymer blend) refers to materials that are mixture of
_______?
Two or more polymers
66
Polymer comes from Greek words poly which means many
and meros which means ________
Part
(Polymers- many parts put together)
67
Which of the following plastics does not burn but rather
extinguishes itself?
nylon
68
_____________ refers to the strong primary chemical bonds
which forms some of the polymeric materials.
cross-linking
69
In polymers, what refers to a large molecule with alternating
mers?
copolymer
70
Polymers are materials that are found on __________ on
the periodic table.
4B (but 4A)
71
The average number of mers in the molecule of a polymer
is known as:
Degree of polymerization
72
Wood is composed of chains of cellulose molecules
bonded together by another natural polymer called
lignin
73
____________________________________
- Composed of two (or more) individual materials, which
come from the metals, ceramics, and polymers
composite
74
Materials that are utilized in high-technology applications
Advanced technology
75
Semiconductors, biomaterials, and materials of the future
Advanced materials
76
are employed in components implanted into the human
body for replacement of diseased or damaged body parts
Biomaterials
77
Materials composed of more than one material type and are
designed to display a combination of the best
characteristics of each component material.
composites
78
A composite material composed of large ceramic particles
distributed over a ceramic binder, used chiefly in structural
applications
concrete
79
These are materials, commonly used as actuators, which
after having been deformed revert back to their original
shapes when temperature is changed.
Shape memory alloys
80
Materials that have electrical properties that are
intermediate between the metals or metal alloys and
ceramics or polymers
semiconductor
81
What is the strongest material?
Carbon nanotubes
82
A device used in biotelemetry for monitoring the
physiologic activity of an animal, such as pH values of
stomach acid
Radio pill
83
Relate deformation to an applied load or force
Mechanical property
84
The response on stimulus is an electric field on a material
Electrical property
85
Represented in terms of heat capacity and thermal
conductivity
______________
Thermal property
86
the response of a material to the application of a magnetic
field
Magnetic property
87
the stimulus is electromagnetic or light radiation
Optical property
88
relate to the chemical reactivity of materials
Deteriorative property
89
The _____________, sometimes called the breakdown
strength, represents the magnitude of an electric field
necessary to produce breakdown.
Dielectric strengtg
90
What refers to the reciprocal dispersion of optical
materials?
Abbe number
91
The movement of liquid through a phosphor diaphragm of
other permeable solid as a result of an applied electric field.
Electron osmosis
92
Changes of state from where particles are able to move
freely to a state where they can no longer move freely and
can only vibrate.
freezing
93
Found in compounds that are composed of both metallic
and nonmetallic elements
Ionic bonding
94
Bond occurs through transfer of electrons, forming ions
Ionic bonding
95
Stable electron configurations are assumed by the
sharing of electrons between adjacent atoms
Covalent bonding
96
Bond occurs between two nonmetallic elements
Covalent bonding
97
The electrostatic interaction between delocalized
electrons, called conduction electrons and gathered in an
"electron sea", and the metallic nuclei.
Metallic bonding
98
Interatomic and intermolecular bonds that are relatively
weak and for which bonding energies are relatively small.
Van DER Waals bonding
99
Normally atomic or molecular dipoles are involved.
Van DER Waals bonding
100
The energy required to separate two atoms that are
chemically bonded to each other.
Bonding/ binding energy
101
In this type of bond, a relatively large interatomic force that
tends to energy transfer from one atom to another that are
bonded together by coulombic force. It is called the
________ bond.
ionic
102
It refers to sharing of delocalized electron to form strong
bond between atoms. It is called the ________ bond.
metallic
103
It is a type of bond where relatively large interatomic forces
are created by the sharing of electrons to form a bond with
localized directional atoms. It is called the ________ bond.
covalent
104
Ionic bonding was supposed to be believed at first as
Transfer of electrons of metallic and nonmetallic atoms
105
What is the bond angle of water?
105 degrees
106
Materials with binding energy in the range of 150 – 370
kcal/mol are considered to exhibit what type of bonding?
covalent
107
One in which the atoms are situated in a repeating or
periodic array over large atomic distances
Crystalline materials
108
Upon solidification, the atoms will position themselves in
a repetitive three-dimensional pattern, in which each atom
is bonded to its nearest-neighbor atoms
Crystalline materials
109
Three – dimensional set of points coinciding with atom
positions (or sphere centers)
lattice
110
The basic structural unit or building block of the crystal
structure
Unit cell
111
Materials that does not have a definite crystal structure.
Examples are glasses.
Amorphous materials
112
The characteristic of a material being able to exist in more
than one crystal structure, depending on its temperature
and pressure
allotrophy
113
Also called polymorphism.
allotrophy
114
A material whose atomic arrangement occurs as periodic,
repeating structures over large distances
crystalline
115
An elemental solid having a different crystal structure,
usually due to the prevailing temperature and pressure.
allotrope
116
It is the enthalpy change associated with the condensation
of gaseous positive and negative ion into a crystal.
Lattice energy
117
This refers to a crystal system with two equal axes with one
angle equal to 120o
hexagonal
118
This refers to distance between two nuclei of atoms.
Bond length
119
The arrangement of the atoms in a material into a regular
repeatable pattern.
Crystal structure
120
This refers to a crystal system with unequal axes with all
angles at right angle
Orthorhombic
121
The arrangement of the atoms in a material into a regular
repeatable pattern
Crystal structure
122
There are 14 known crystals structures that exists called
the Bravais crystal structures
Crystal structure
123
Composed of atoms on the lattice points of a cube, thus
having a total of one atom in each unit cells
Simple cubic
124
Two atoms are associated with each BCC unit cell: the
equivalent of one atom from the eight corners, each of which is shared among eight unit cells, and the single
center atom.
Body centered cubic
125
One-eighth of each of the eight corner atoms and one-half
of each of the six face atoms, or a total of four whole atoms,
may be assigned to a given unit cell.
Face centered cubic
126
The equivalent of six atoms is contained in each unit cell;
one-sixth of each of the 12 top and bottom face corner
atoms, one-half of each of the 2 center face atoms, and all 3
midplane interior atoms.
Hexagonal close packed
127
The number of atoms, that a central atom holds as its
nearest neighbors in a crystal
Coordination number
128
The sum of the sphere volumes of all atoms within a unit
cell (assuming the atomic hard sphere model) divided by
the unit cell volume
Atomic packing factor (APF)
129
A shorthand notation to describe certain crystallographic
planes in a material.
Miller Indices
130
What is another name for face – centered cubic (fcc) crystal
structure?
131
Calculate the volume of an FCC unit cell in terms of the
atomic radius R.
132
What two crystal structures have the same total number of
atoms inside?
133
What two crystal structures have the same coordination
number?
134
What two crystal structures have the same atomic packing
factor?
135
What is the atomic packing factor of simple cubic (SC)
crystal structure?
136
The element beryllium has what crystal structure?
137
This refers to the number of atoms touching a particular
atom, or the number of nearest neighbors of an atom.
138
A lattice irregularity having one or more of its dimensions
on the order of an atomic diameter
139
Where an atom is missing or is in an irregular place in the
lattice structure
140
Vacancy, one normally occupied from which an atom is
missing
141
A self-interstitial is an atom from the crystal that is crowded
into an interstitial site, a small void space that under
ordinary circumstances is not occupied
__________________________________
142
Type of point defect in which an interstitial lies near the
vacancy.
- forms when an atom or ion leaves its place in the lattice
(leaving a vacancy), and lodges nearby in the crystal
(becoming an interstitial)
____________________________
143
A linear or one-dimensional defect around which some of
the atoms are misaligned.
__________________________
144
A linear defect that centers around the line that is defined
along the end of the extra half-plane of atoms
145
Formed by a shear stress that is applied to produce the
distortion
