matlab 3.2 Flashcards
interpolation
test other conditions to account for other possibilities, keeps the shape of the graph but smooths transition by reducing errors
interp1(x, y, 3.4)
checks data and estimate y at x = 3.4
cubic spline interpolation
smooths the curve and minimizes error
linear regression
predicting the value of a variable based on value of other variables
least squares fitting
finds best fit for data points by determining slope and intersection
minimize R
resistance and current are ___ proportional to each other in electrical circuits
inversely
I = ?
V/R
current is equal to voltage over resistance
bioengineers
engineers that work in context of living or hybrid systems
bioengineers use…
traditional engineering and knowledge of biology and medicine (biomaterials, bioinstrumentation, biosignal processing)
system
any assembly of things that have a collective effect on the signal of interest
dumbed down:
stuff that effects what’s being recorded
model
a representation of the original, aids in description of a body of data
more compact and helps gain insights
dumbed down: represents original and helps us describe the data and gain interests
models can allow one to ___ the outcome of intermediate experiments
predict
model is a symbolic representation of…
a process, system, or collection of data
system identification and model formulation are ___ processes
iterative (it repeats over and over)
process of system identification and model formation
measure, build model, test model, REPEAT
what improves our observation of biological systems?
technological advancement
how does tech advancement improve our observation of bio systems?
greater accuracy
greater precision
less invasive
results in better models
what are the most valuable characteristics of a bioengineer?
artful construction and effective use of models
biosignal
lets us interact/communicate with biosystems
what are signals?
variations of energy that carry information
types of signals
electrical, mechanical, thermal, optical, chemical, bio
biosignals can be ___ directional to know the state of the system
one directional
input-output system
send signal to the system for therapy or experimentation
input -> physiological systen -> output
what is the input and output
stimulus and response
chemical energy
variables: chemical activity and/or concentration
measurements: blood ion, O2, CO2, pH, horomonal concentrations, and otehr chemistry
mechanical energy
variables: position, force, torque, or pressure
common measurements: muscle movement, cardiovascular pressures, muscle contracility, valve and other cardiac sounds
electrical energy
variables: voltage (potential energy of charge carriers), current (charge carrier flow)
common measurements: EEG, ECG, EMG, EOG, etx
thermal energy
variables: temperature
common measurements: body temperature
communications inside the body are encoded in variations of ___ and ___ energy
electrical: flow or concentration of ion
chemical: variation of concentrations in blood (ex: hormones)
in the outside world all communication is converted to ____ based signals
electrical
transducer
device that converts energy from one form to another
biotransducers
convert non-electrical energy to an electrical signal
electrode converts ___ energy to an ____ signal
ionic energy to electronic signal
purpose of biomedical transducers
convert energy in physioloical processes into energy that can be measured, displayed, and stored
cardiac microphone
converts mechanical sound energy from heart into electrical signal
sensitivity
change in output for a given change in input
change in y / change in x
resoluion
smallest change in input that results in measurable changes in output
linearity
consistency of the input-output relationship
repeatability
expected difference in output for repeated measurements of same input
noise
amount of change in output not related to change in input
ECG
electrocardiogram (heart)
EEG
electroencephalogram (brain)
EMG
electromyogram (muscle)
EOG
electrooculogram (eye)
ERG
electrotrtinogram (retina)
EGG
electrogastrogram (stomach)
GSR
galvanic skin response (skin electrical activity)
