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Sex, Eggs, Parents, Nests > Mating and Eggs > Flashcards

Mating and Eggs Flashcards

1
Q

Male chromosome are __ and females are ___

A

ZZ, ZW

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2
Q

____ determine gender

A

females

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3
Q

___ ____ is absent, and the _____ ____ is smaller

A

right ovary, right testis

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4
Q

No external genitalia, except _____

A

waterfowl

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5
Q

Copulation lasts only a few seconds and can be called a _______

A

“cloaca kiss”

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6
Q

Testis vary in size, monogamy related to ____ testis

A

larger

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7
Q

_________ in brain triggers other hormones.

A

hypothalamus

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8
Q

Anterior pituitary is associated with ____ and ____.

A

FSH and LH

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9
Q

FSH is related to…

A

gametogenesis

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10
Q

LH is related to…

A

hormones in testis, development of follicles

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11
Q

Gonads produce…

A

testosterone and estrogen

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12
Q

Estrogen is involved in

A

nest building and parental care

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13
Q

Testosterone is involved in

A

aggression, plumage, and colors

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14
Q

Testosterone is higher in ______ _____ than the ____.

A

Polyandrous females, males

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15
Q

Some males exhibit territorial behavior while testosterone is ___.

A

low

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16
Q

Other hormones control ____ _____.

A

Male behavior

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17
Q

Effects of testosterone differ even in different ____.

A

populations (white crowned sparrows)

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18
Q

The shell is ____ and has __ layers.

A

porous, 2

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19
Q

Inner layers of egg continous with choriallantois, it is ____ and has ___ _____.

A

vascularized, gas exchange

20
Q

Eggs contain pigments for….

A

camouflage and strength

21
Q

_____ ___ do not roll and are used by cliff nesters.

A

pointed eggs

22
Q

What are the 4 embryonic layers?

A

Amnion - around embryo
Yolk Sac
Allantois - waste
Chorion - around everything, continuous with shell

23
Q

More yolk in ______ young.

A

precocial

-Longer time in egg, born advanced

24
Q

More _______ in second eggs.

A

testosterone

25
Q

What are the two types of resource allocation?

A

Capital breeders - egg resources come from stored energy (ducks)
Income breeders - resources directly from daily energy intake

26
Q

What are the two ways of replacing eggs?

A

Determinate layers - lost eggs are not replaced

Indeterminate - eggs are replaced (ducks)

27
Q

Most complex nests are made by _______.

A

Passeriformes

28
Q

Three types of nests…

A

Cavity or hole nest
Open-cup
Dome

29
Q

_____ nests are the most complex

A

Hanging

30
Q

What are the 4 ways to keep a nest safe?

A

Location
Chase predators
Draw predators away from nests
Remove eggshells

31
Q

What is involved with picking location of a nest?

A
  1. Inaccessible : cliff, water
  2. Hidden
  3. Camouflaged: mud, sticks
  4. Enclosed, difficult access
  5. Near large animals or stinging insects
    Stone-curlew nest near crocodiles
32
Q

Incubation must be kept at ___-___ degrees.

A

35-40

33
Q

______ hormone increases parental behaviors, ______ inhibits.

A

Prolactin, testosterone

34
Q

Both parents incubate in about ___% of families.

A

50

35
Q

Even in female only incubation, males _______.

A

provide food

36
Q

_____ in incubation often have a ritual.

A

Shifts

37
Q

Most species incubate with body heat, enhanced by _____ _____.

A

brood patches

38
Q

__________ build compost heap so they do not have to sit on the eggs.

A

Moundbuilders

39
Q

How do birds cool eggs?

A

sprinkle water, eggs need to be turned

40
Q

Birds can hatch ________ or _______.

A

Synchronous or asynchronous

41
Q

What is pipping?

A

Chicks hatching, punctures the air chamber then shell counterclockwise
-takes 2 days, hatching muscles on neck and egg tooth

42
Q

Precocial young is most likely an ______ condition.

A

ancestral

-fossil embryos in egg with feathers

43
Q

________ advantage is faster development (3-4x)

A

altricial

44
Q

Parenting involves

A

brooding (protection and feeding

45
Q

Chicks require a lot of protein…

A

Seed eaters feed invertebrates to young

Pigeons, penguins feed esophageal fluids, protein rich

46
Q

Begging call and gaping mouths stimulate _________.

A

feeding behaviors

47
Q

Sibling rivalry…

A

Common in species with staggered hatching
Siblicide in eagles and most herons
Parents are usually passive

Sex, Eggs, Parents, Nests (1 decks)

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